数字经济下公共数据信托的法律机理、现实困境与出路

The Legal Mechanism, Realistic Dilemma and Solutions of Public Data Trust under the Digital Economy

摘要: 在数字时代，公共数据治理模式的建构具有重大意义。公共数据信托作为公共授权运营的创新形式，具有其他治理模式所不具有的效率优势、信赖优势、安全优势。委托人、受托人、受益人共同组成的三元主体架构，完美契合我国数据产权三权分置制度，是对《数据二十条》指导思想的有力诠释。通过分析公共数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权在数据主体间的权利配置，我们得以对公共数据信托模式进行问题检视，探讨得出其具有公共数据市场竞争机制受阻、公共数据保护效果受限、数据定价难限制信托收益分配等发展障碍。为此，本文引入“行为控制模式”，从公平竞争机制、安全保障机制、价格形成机制三方面探索公共信托模式的优化方案，以期完善现有公共数据治理的体制架构，从源头释放公共数据红利，助力产业升级和数字经济高质量发展。

Abstract: In the digital age, the construction of public data governance model is of great significance. As an innovative form of public authorized operation, public data trust has the advantages of efficiency, trust and security that other governance models do not have. The three-way subject structure composed by the trustee, trustee and beneficiary perfectly fits the separation system of data property rights and three rights in China, and is a powerful interpretation of the guiding ideology of “Data 20”. Through the analysis of public data resources holdings, data processing rights, data product rights in the data of the subject, we were able to examine the public data trust model, discuss its public data market competition mechanism, limited public data protection effect, and data pricing to limit the trust income distribution development obstacles. To this end, this paper introduces the “behavior control mode”, from the fair competition mechanism, security mechanism, and price formation mechanism three aspects to explore the optimization of public trust mode, in order to improve the existing system architecture of public data governance, release the public data dividend from the source, power industry upgrading and digital economy development of high quality.