甲状腺癌的危险因素研究进展

Research Progress on Risk Factors of Thyroid Cancer

摘要: 目的：了解国内外甲状腺癌发生的危险因素，为进一步制定针对性甲状腺癌发生防治策略提供参考。方法：对国内外相关文献进行检索，提取主题，分别从自身状况、肥胖、性别和生活方式以及居住环境等4个方面总结归纳甲状腺癌发生的危险因素。结果：综述发现，染色体改变以及遗传性疾病、患桥本氏甲状腺炎和(或)系统性红斑狼疮疾病、肥胖、女性、不良的生活习惯以及居住环境均是其危险因素。结论：临床医师通过及时准确识别可改变危险因素，并制定针对性干预措施对其一级预防至关重要，未来可结合我国国情，构建本土化甲状腺癌发生风险预警模型，并制定针对性干预措施，从根源防治，以此降低甲状腺癌的发生率。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the risk factors of thyroid cancer at home and abroad, and to provide reference for further developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for thyroid cancer. Methods: The relevant literature at home and abroad was searched, the theme was extracted, and the risk factors of thyroid cancer were summarized from four aspects: personal status, obesity, gender, lifestyle and living environment. Results: The review found that chromosome changes and genetic diseases, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and/or systemic lupus erythematosus disease, obesity, female, poor living habits and living environment were risk factors. Conclusion: Timely and accurate identification of modifiable risk factors by clinicians and the formulation of targeted intervention measures are crucial for primary prevention of thyroid cancer. In the future, based on China’s national conditions, a localized thyroid cancer risk early warning model can be built, and targeted intervention measures can be formulated to prevent and treat thyroid cancer from the root cause, so as to reduce the incidence of thyroid cancer.