三维胎–路接触包络轮廓计算及其对抗滑性能的影响

Calculation of Three-Dimensional Tire-Road Contact Envelope and Its Influence on Anti-Skid Performance

摘要: 为了分析轮胎与路表的接触特性及其对路面的抗滑性能影响，基于胎–路接触印痕法理论，提取了胎–路接触的三维包络轮廓，并计算了路面区域的三维纹理表征参数。进一步，分析了初始轮廓的三维特征参数与路面摩擦系数之间的相关性，并筛选出与摩擦系数相关性较高且彼此相对独立的特征参数，对这些参数在初始轮廓与包络轮廓中独立进行了多元回归分析。结果表明，尽管SMTD、S_pd和V_mc这三个常用纹理特征参数在相关性分析决定系数有所提升(包络轮廓相较于初始轮廓提升8%)，但决定系数未达到强相关水平，表明这些参数未能有效反映与路面抗滑性能的关系。然而，通过筛选出的特征参数进行分析显示，初始轮廓与路面摩擦系数的相关性提升了49%，而包络轮廓提升了85%，且包络轮廓相较于初始轮廓的决定系数提升了34%，二者均达到了强相关水平。经这一结果可证实——新的回归模型可以更好地反映纹理特征与抗滑性能的关系，并且应用三维包络轮廓可以显著提升路面纹理参数与抗滑性能间的相关性，为路面摩擦系数的精确预测提供了更为有效的方法。

Abstract: In order to analyze the contact characteristics between tire and road surface and its influence on the anti-skid performance of the road surface, the three-dimensional envelope profile of tire-road contact was extracted based on the tire-road contact imprint method theory, and the three-dimensional texture characterization parameters of the road surface area were calculated. Furthermore, the correlation between the three-dimensional characteristic parameters of the initial profile and the road friction coefficient was analyzed, and the characteristic parameters with high correlation with the friction coefficient and relatively independent of each other were screened out. These parameters were independently subjected to multivariate regression analysis in the initial profile and the envelope profile. The results show that although the three commonly used texture characteristic parameters SMTD, S_pd and V_mc have improved in the correlation analysis determination coefficient (the envelope profile increased by 8% compared with the initial profile), the determination coefficient did not reach the strong correlation level, indicating that these parameters failed to effectively reflect the relationship with the anti-skid performance of the road surface. However, the analysis of the selected characteristic parameters showed that the correlation between the initial profile and the road friction coefficient increased by 49%, while the envelope profile increased by 85%, and the determination coefficient of the envelope profile increased by 34% compared with the initial profile, both of which reached a strong correlation level. This result proves that the new regression model can better reflect the relationship between texture characteristics and anti-skid performance, and the application of three-dimensional envelope profile can significantly improve the correlation between pavement texture parameters and anti-skid performance, providing a more effective method for the accurate prediction of pavement friction coefficient.