老年糖尿病合并膀胱功能障碍患者OAB症状及其生活质量的研究

Study on OAB Symptoms and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Bladder Dysfunction

摘要: 目的：了解老年糖尿病膀胱功能障碍患者OAB症状及其生活质量，并分析OAB症状对老年DM患者症状困扰、应对、睡眠、情感/社交多方面的影响，为开展以患者为中心的个性化性护理提供相关依据。方法：采用随机抽样法，选取2023年7月至2024年6月在吴起县人民医院普外科和内科住院部或门诊部的老年DM患者作为调查对象，选用一般资料调查表、复合自主神经症状分级评分-31 (COMPASS-31)膀胱评分部分、OAB症状评分量表(OABSS)、膀胱过度活动症与健康相关生活质量简表(OAB-q SF)进行调查。计数资料用频数(n)和构成比(%)来描述，计量资料符合正态分布采用$\overline{X}\pm s$ 描述；运用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析比较老年DM患者OAB得分在一般资料和疾病相关资料上的差异，P < 0.05有统计学差异。结果：本研究共随机调查214例老年糖尿病患者，其中合并膀胱功能障碍的患者为91例，发生率为(91/214) 42.52%，在合并膀胱功能障碍的患者中膀胱过度活动症的患者占比最高，71例有OAB症状，发生率为33.18%。71例老年DM患者OABSS总分为(8.49 ± 2.67)分，得分在6~11分间，OAB为中度水平。其生活质量得分最小值27分，最大值81分，平均得分为(50.38 ± 13.74)分，其中应对维度得分最高(14.25 ± 4.48分)，其次为症状困扰维度(17.01 ± 4.66分)。结论：本研究老年糖尿病合并膀胱功能障碍的患者OAB症状呈中等水平，症状较为严重，OAB症状对老年患者生活困扰较大，对其在应对、睡眠、社交、情感多方面造成较为严重的影响，指导老年DM患者严格控制血糖，进行必要的心理护理与社会支持，并接受积极的治疗，养成良好的生活、卫生习惯，以提高生活质量。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the symptoms and quality of life of OAB in elderly diabetic patients with bladder dysfunction, and to analyze the effects of OAB symptoms on symptom distress, coping, sleep, and emotional/social aspects in elderly DM patients, so as to provide relevant evidence for patient-centered personalized care. Methods: Random sampling was used. Elderly DM patients in the inpatient and outpatient departments of general surgery and internal medicine of Wuqi County People’s Hospital from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the investigation objects. General data questionnaire, bladder score of Complex autonomic Symptom Scale-31 (COMPASS-31), OAB Symptom Score Scale (OABSS), bladder hyperactivity disorder, and the health related quality of life (OAB-q SF) profile were selected to investigate. Counting data were described by frequency (n) and component ratio (%). Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were described by $\overline{X}\pm s$ . Independent sample t test or one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the OAB scores of elderly DM patients in general data and disease-related data, and there was statistical difference (P < 0.05). Results: A total of 214 elderly patients with diabetes were randomly investigated in this study, of which 91 patients with bladder dysfunction had an incidence of 42.52% (91/214). Among the patients with bladder dysfunction, overactive bladder accounted for the highest proportion, and 71 patients had OAB symptoms, with an incidence of 33.18%. The total score of OABSS in 71 elderly DM patients was (8.49 ± 2.67), with the score ranging from 6 to 11 points, and the OAB level was moderate. The minimum score of quality of life was 27, the maximum was 81, and the average score was 50.38 ± 13.74. The coping dimension was the highest (14.25 ± 4.48), followed by the symptom disturbance dimension (17.01 ± 4.66). Conclusion: In this study, the OAB symptoms of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus combined with bladder dysfunction are moderate and serious, and OAB symptoms cause great trouble to the life of elderly patients, causing serious impact on their coping, sleep, social and emotional aspects. Elderly DM patients are advised to strictly control blood sugar and carry out necessary psychological care and social support. And receive active treatment, and develop good living and health habits to improve the quality of life.