福建省某无主铜尾矿周边区域土壤和地下水的重金属污染情况及风险评价

Heavy Metal Contamination and Risk Assessment of Soil and Groundwater around a Copper Tailing Mine in Fujian Province

摘要: 本研究对福建省某废弃铜尾矿周围土壤和地下水样品进行采样分析，探究周边环境土壤和地下水中8种重金属的含量，并采用单因子指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、潜在生态风险指数及重金属健康风险评价模型等常用体系评估周边土壤及地下水环境中重金属污染情况。结果表明，土壤中重金属含量未超过标准的风险筛选值，但镍、铜、铅和锌含量显著高于该区域的土壤背景值，区域土壤综合生态风险评价处于低风险水平。根据地下水重金属污染特征分析可知，8种重金属均在地下水中检出，但均未超过《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-2017)中I类限值，表明该区域地下水重金属污染程度仍处于可控范围内，区域综合重金属污染通过不同途径引起的总致癌风险为中风险–中高风险，总非致癌风险处于可接受范围内。上述研究结果表明，该区域土壤存在一定程度的重金属污染，应及时做好环境治理工作，建议对区域地下水中重金属含量进行长期监测。

Abstract: This study conducted sampling and analysis of soil and groundwater around a copper tailing mine in Fujian Province to investigate the levels of eight heavy metals in the surrounding soil and groundwater. It utilized common assessment systems such as the single factor index, Nemerow composite pollution index, potential ecological risk index, and heavy metal health risk assessment model to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in the surrounding soil and groundwater environment. The results showed that the heavy metal contents in the soil did not exceed the risk screening values of the standards, but the contents of nickel, copper, lead, and zinc were significantly higher than the regional soil background values. The overall ecological risk assessment for the soil indicated a low-risk level. Analysis of the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in groundwater revealed that all eight heavy metals were detected, but none exceeded the Class I limit of the “Groundwater Quality Standard” (GB/T14848-2017), indicating that the degree of heavy metal pollution in groundwater in this area remains within a controllable range. The total carcinogenic risk caused by regional comprehensive heavy metal pollution through different ways is assessed as medium to medium-high risk, while the total non-carcinogenic risk is within an acceptable range. These findings suggest that the soil in the area has a certain degree of heavy metal pollution and prompt environmental remediation work is necessary. It is recommended to conduct long-term monitoring of heavy metal contents in regional groundwater.