肽肥控氮减施磷肥对云烟87生长的影响

The Effect of Controlling Nitrogen by Peptide Fertilizer and Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on the Growth of Yunyan 87

摘要: 磷肥利用率低，烟地土壤长期施用化肥导致磷肥效益低下和土壤肥力退化。为了合理施肥、提升肥效，改善土壤肥力和烟草品质，进行了肽肥供氮下，减施磷肥的土壤盆栽试验。以云烟87和多年种烟土壤为材料，在与烟草专用肥等氮的肽肥用量下，设置了6种施磷比列，研究减施磷肥对烟草生长的影响。结果表明，肽肥控氮下，适当减施磷肥可增加云烟87株高、最大叶长和叶宽、叶片数、伸根期和旺长期的叶绿素水平，并能增加烟叶产量。肽肥控氮减施磷肥对株高的增加率在47%~91%之间，株高、伸根期叶绿素水平、烟叶产量均与施磷比例呈极显著的二次函数相关关系，而旺长期烟叶叶绿素水平与施磷比例呈极显著的线性负相关。所有处理对云烟87成熟期叶绿素水平无显著影响，说明肽肥控氮减施磷肥不会延迟烟叶的成熟。总之，肽肥因其供氮平稳，能改善土壤环境，提升土壤磷有效性而使减施磷肥能促进烟草生长，综合所测生长指标，以施用对照磷的12%和16%对烟草生长的促进效果最好。

Abstract: The low utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer and long-term application of chemical fertilizers in tobacco fields leads to low phosphorus fertilizer efficiency and soil fertility degradation. In order to apply fertilizer reasonably, improve fertilizer efficiency, soil fertility and tobacco quality, a soil pot experiment was conducted with supplying nitrogen by peptide fertilizer and reduced phosphorus fertilizer application. Using Yunyan 87 and long term tobacco planting soil as materials, 6 phosphorus application ratio was set up under the same nitrogen of peptide fertilizer as tobacco specific fertilizer, to study the effect of reducing phosphorus fertilizer application on tobacco growth. The results showed that under nitrogen controlled by peptide fertilizer, appropriately decrement of phosphorus fertilizer can increase the height, maximum leaf length and width, the number of leaves, leaf chlorophyll levels of Yunyan 87 at root extension and vigorous growing period, and the tobacco yield. The increase rate of plant height by reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer through nitrogen control with peptide fertilizer ranges from 47% to 91%. There is a highly significant quadratic correlation between plant height, chlorophyll level during root extension period, and tobacco yield with phosphorus application ratio. However, there is a highly significant linear negative correlation between chlorophyll level and phosphorus application ratio in vigorous growth period of tobacco. All treatments had no significant effect on the chlorophyll level during the mature stage of Yunyan 87, indicating that nitrogen controlled by peptide fertilizer and reduced phosphorus fertilizer did not delay the maturity of tobacco leaves. In summary, peptide fertilizer, due to its stable nitrogen supply, improving soil environment and enhancing soil phosphorus availability, reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer can promote tobacco growth. Based on the measured growth indicators, applying 12% and 16% of control phosphorus has the best promoting effect on tobacco growth.