现代汉语“头”的隐喻、转喻研究

A Study on Metaphor and Metonymy of the Word “Tou” in Modern Chinese

摘要: 在日常生活中，“隐喻”是一种非常重要的认知工具，也是人们思维不断进步的过程。在词汇学领域，词语由原始义通过隐喻、转喻的方式，逐渐构成新词，表现为词义的扩展和延伸。同时，由隐喻产生的词或词义也会随着时间的推移和频繁的使用，被接纳为常用词汇或常用语义之一。在人们的认知过程中，往往会从自身感官出发直接认识世界，因此人体器官常常作为认知本体，用于传递抽象意义。同时，由于不同民族之间不同的文化差异，思维方式差异，具体到词汇运用中，“头”的隐喻在英汉两种语言中既有共性，也有很多的不对等性。本文以人体词“头”为研究对象，通过归纳、比较、分析现代汉语中“头”的隐喻式表达，对其词义演变过程中典型的隐喻、转喻方式，以及其在不同语境中体现的文化差异性进行具体的研究分析。

Abstract: In daily life, “metaphor” serves as a vital cognitive tool and a vehicle for the continuous advancement of human thought. Within the realm of lexicology, words evolve into new terms through metaphor and metonymy, broadening their semantic scope. Over time and through frequent use, these metaphorically derived words and meanings are adopted as standard in the lexicon. In our cognitive journey, we often perceive the world directly through our senses, with human organs frequently serving as vehicles for conveying abstract concepts. Meanwhile, due to cultural differences and differences in thinking patterns among different ethnic groups, the metaphor of “head” has both similarities and many inequalities in vocabulary usage in English and Chinese languages. This article takes the human body word “head” as the research object, and through induction, comparison, and analysis of the metaphorical expression of “head” in modern Chinese, conducts specific research and analysis on the typical metaphorical and metaphorical ways in its semantic evolution process, as well as the cultural differences reflected in different contexts.