批评话语分析视域下的话语秩序研究

A Study on Order of Discourse in Critical Discourse Analysis

摘要: 话语秩序的概念最初由福柯提出，费尔克劳将其引入批评话语分析，成为评批话语分析中的重要范畴。本文在研读福柯及费尔克劳著作的基础上，对比两者有关话语秩序的定义和阐述，尝试梳理这一范畴的理论发展与创新。福柯强调外部力量和内部力量对话语的控制，以及话语主体受到的制约，费尔克劳发展了话语秩序理论，认为话语秩序是动态开放的系统，体现并反作用于社会秩序。文章还梳理了国内外学者对话语秩序的阐释与实践，希望能对今后的话语秩序研究有所助益。

Abstract: The concept of “order of discourse” was put forward by Foucault, and was introduced into critical discourse analysis by Fairclough. It has become a central category in critical discourse analysis. Based on a close reading of Foucault’s and Fairclough’s works, the study presents and compares the definitions and elucidations they give, attempting to illuminate the theoretical development of this category. Foucault stresses the external and internal forces that serve to control discourse and the constraints upon speaking subjects, while Fairclough develops the theory of order of discourse, suggesting that orders of discourse are dynamic systems open to change, and they reflect and construct social order. Furthermore, the paper gives a brief review of research on order of discourse abroad and at home, discussing how the category is interpreted and how relevant studies are conducted. It is hoped that this study will provide possible help for future research on order of discourse.