矮小症儿童生长激素水平与营养指标的相关研究进展

Research Progress on the Correlation between Growth Hormone Levels and Nutritional Indicators in Children with Dwarfism

摘要: 矮小症为与相同地域年龄相同性别健康正常儿童对比，身高显著较正常身高低于2个标准差以上者，或显著低于健康发育儿童生长曲线的第3百分位者。矮小症最常见的病因为生长激素缺乏。生长激素(Human Growth Hormone, hGH)的分泌受多种生理因素调节，包括年龄、青春期分期、体重和营养状况。因此，探讨GH的影响因素对了解矮小症的发病机制具有重要意义。许多研究表明，儿童身体营养状态与GH水平密切相关。人体的营养状态通过对神经内分泌轴的影响对调控线性生长中发挥关键作用。与此同时，合理规划膳食营养对儿童及青少年的线性成长非常关键。膳食营养素通过在体内发挥各种生理作用来影响青少年的生长发育进程，故明确不同种类的营养指标对GH的影响可以对青少年的生长发育起到指导作用。本文就近年来有关营养指标影响血清GH水平的相关研究进展作一综述。

Abstract: Dwarfism refers to individuals whose height is significantly lower than the normal height by more than 2 standard deviations, or significantly lower than the 3rd percentile of the growth curve of healthy and developing children, compared to healthy and normal children of the same age and gender in the same region. The most common cause of dwarfism is growth hormone deficiency. The secretion of growth hormone (GH) is regulated by various physiological factors, including age, puberty stage, weight, and nutritional status. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of GH is of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of dwarfism. Many studies have shown that the nutritional status of children’s bodies is closely related to their GH levels. The nutritional status of the human body plays a crucial role in regulating linear growth through its influence on the neuroendocrine axis. At the same time, reasonable planning of dietary nutrition is crucial for the linear growth of children and adolescents. Dietary nutrients affect the growth and development process of adolescents by exerting various physiological effects in the body. Therefore, clarifying the effects of different types of nutritional indicators on GH can provide guidance for the growth and development of adolescents. This article provides a review of recent research progress on the impact of nutritional indicators on serum GH levels.