海运货物控制权制度研究——以第108号指导案例为视角

Study on the Regime of Right of Control over Maritime Cargoes—A Perspective on Guiding Case No. 108

摘要: 在海上货物运输过程中，托运人会基于各种原因行使控制权向承运人发出改港、退运等指示。《鹿特丹规则》引入的货物控制权是海上货物运输途中保障货物权益的重要法律制度，对与国际航运接轨有着不可忽视的作用。但目前我国《海商法》中缺乏对货物控制权的规范，《合同法》第308条规定的托运人权利性质存在争议且适用情况不一，导致海运实践及司法实践中都存在许多争议问题。本文以最高院发布的第108号指导案例为视角，结合我国立法及司法现状，剖析其中所反映的相关货物控制权问题，以探讨我国确立海运货物控制权制度的路径选择以及具体规则的完善建议。

Abstract: During the transportation of goods by sea, the shipper will, for various reasons, exercise the right of control to issue instructions to the carrier to change ports, return shipments and so on. The right of control over goods introduced by the Rotterdam Rules is an important legal system for safeguarding the rights and interests of goods during the transportation of goods by sea, and plays an indispensable role in aligning with international shipping. However, currently there is a lack of regulation on the control of goods in China’s Maritime Law. The nature of the shipper’s rights stipulated in Article 308 of the Contract Law is controversial and the application is inconsistent, leading to many controversial issues in maritime and judicial practice. This article takes the guidance case No. 108 issued by the Supreme People’s Court as the perspective, combined with the current legislative and judicial situation in China, to analyze the relevant issues of goods control rights reflected in it, in order to explore the path selection for establishing the system of goods control rights in China and suggestions for improving specific rules.