某车型汽车差速器结构设计及其齿轮的性能研究

Design of Differential Structure and Performance Study of Gears for a Certain Vehicle Model

摘要: 汽车在转向行驶的相同时间段内左右两侧车轮所滚过的行程通常是不一样的。在左右两个车轮行车里程不等的情况下，如果车辆的驱动桥使用一个一体的传动轴，将能量传递到两个车轮上，这个传动轴可以使车辆两侧的旋转速度相同，但是两个车轮冲程的不同，将导致两个车轮发生滑转或滑动，并造成前桥和后桥的超负荷运转，从而影响到车辆的操控稳定性。因此，为降低差速器齿轮副的质量风险，对汽车差速器齿轮的强度及抗振动性能进行分析是十分有必要的。本文拟采用CATIA软件对某车型汽车差速器进行结构设计，并对差速器的行星齿轮用CAE软件进行强度分析及模态分析并做出评估。通过静力学分析可知，行星齿轮齿顶和半轴齿轮齿根部位在长时间工作后最容易发生疲劳磨损和点蚀，因此需在应力较大处对齿形做出调整与优化；前6阶模态分析表明，齿轮副在啮合工作时，工作频率远小于固有频率，不会发生共振现象，满足设计要求。

Abstract: The amount of travel rolled by the left and right wheels during the same period of time that a vehicle is being steered for travel is usually not the same. In the case that the left and right wheels do not travel the same mileage, if the vehicle’s drive axle uses a one-piece driveshaft to transfer energy to the two wheels, this driveshaft can make both sides of the vehicle rotate at the same speed, but the difference in the strokes of the two wheels will lead to slippage or slipping of the two wheels, and cause overloading of the front and rear axles, thus affecting the handling stability of the vehicle. Therefore, in order to reduce the quality risk of the differential gear pair, it is very necessary to analyze the strength and anti-vibration performance of automotive differential gears. This paper intends to use CATIA software for the structural design of a certain model of automobile differential, and the planetary gears of the differential are analyzed and evaluated by CAE software for strength analysis and modal analysis. Through the static analysis, it can be seen that the top of the planetary gear teeth and the root of the half-axle gear teeth are most prone to fatigue wear and pitting corrosion after a long time of work, so it is necessary to make adjustments and optimization of the tooth shape in the place of higher stress; the first 6-order modal analysis shows that the gear pair in the mesh, the operating frequency is much smaller than the intrinsic frequency, and will not resonate, so it meets the design requirements.