山东高青方言韵母声学特征研究

Study on the Acoustic Characteristics of Vowels in Gaoqing Dialect in Shandong

摘要: 通过Praat软件提取标注音档的共振峰数据，文章采用实验语音学方法研究山东高青方言韵母的声学特征，并进一步探究其发音生理特点。山东高青方言韵母的特点包括：与普通话相比，舌尖元音偏中，央元音偏低偏后。ɛ和ɔ舌位分别与y和u接近，ɛ已是单元音，ɔ仍有复元音ɑu的色彩。Iə、uə、yə虽均是由增音或弱化而来，但在受韵尾影响大小、滑动连贯性、韵尾持续时间等方面存在梯度差异。ei和中响复韵母韵腹发音弱。u作为韵母开头音素时动程轨迹多有拐角。iɑ和iɛ内部协同发音效应明显。鼻化单元音在鼻化韵母中多充当主要成分。后鼻韵母动程复杂，多不稳定。

Abstract: By using Praat software to extract resonance peak data of annotated sound levels, experimental phonetics methods were used to study the acoustic characteristics of finals in Shandong Gaoqing dialect, and the paper further explored its physiological characteristics of pronunciation. The characteristics of vowels in Shandong Gaoqing dialect include, compared with Mandarin, the tongue tip vowel is biased towards the middle, and the central vowel is biased towards the lower back. The tongue positions of ɛ and ɔ are close to y and u, respectively. ɛ is already a monophthong, while ɔ still has the color of the compound sound αu. Although Iə, uə, and yə are all derived from increased or weakened sounds, there are gradient differences in the size, sliding coherence, and duration of the influence of finals. The compound vowels of “ei” and “zhongxiang” have weak vowel sounds. When u is used as the initial phoneme of a vowel, the trajectory of the movement often has corners. The internal synergistic pronunciation effect of iα and iɛ is significant. The nasalized monophthong often serves as the main component in nasalized vowels. The movement of the posterior nasal vowels is complex and often unstable.