个案工作介入事实无人抚养儿童人际交往能力提升研究

Casework Involved in Improving the Interpersonal Skills of Virtually Unsupported Children

摘要: 作为儿童当中的弱势群体，事实无人抚养儿童在日常生活中面临的问题比正常儿童更加严峻和复杂。由于家庭教育的缺失，导致事实无人抚养儿童在日常的学习生活中遇到问题不能得到正确的指引和教导，产生一系列的心理问题，以至于不愿意和人交流、害怕交流、抗拒交流，从而影响儿童健康发展。本文是以安顺市某社区的一名事实无人抚养儿童作为研究对象，以社会支持理论、认知行为理论为指导运用系统脱敏疗法开展个案服务。经过三个月的介入服务后进行评估，该名服务对象在人际交往方面的问题得以改善、交往能力提升。实践证明，个案工作有助于事实无人抚养儿童交往能力的提升。为了促进事实无人抚养儿童的健康发展应建设起家–校–社区的帮扶模式。

Abstract: As a vulnerable group among children, virtually unsupported children face more severe and complex problems in daily life than normal children. Due to the lack of family education, virtually unsupported children encounter problems in daily study and life which cannot get correct guidance and instruction, resulting in a series of psychological problems, so that they are unwilling to communicate with others, afraid of communication, and resistant to communication, thus affecting the healthy development of children. This paper takes an unsupported child in a community in Anshun City as the research object, and uses systematic desensitization therapy under the guidance of social support theory and cognitive behavior theory to carry out case service. After three months of interventional service evaluation, the client’s problems in interpersonal communication were improved and communication skills were improved. Practice has proved that casework is helpful to improve the communication ability of unsupported children. In order to promote the healthy development of virtually unsupported children, we should build the help model of start-school-community.