四相步进电机驱动及电机参数采集系统设计

Design of Four-Phase Stepper Motor Drive and Motor Parameter Acquisition System

摘要: 步进电机具有精确定位，高重复精度，高稳定性、高可靠性以及容易开环控制等优点，广泛应用于医疗器械、消费电子以及光学设备等精度要求较高的领域。而四相步进电机相较于两相步进电机具有更高的分辨率、平滑度以及动态性能等优点，于是需要加强对四相步进电机驱动系统研究，以应对更高需求的应用领域。本文设计了一款基于FPGA的四相步进电机驱动及参数采集系统，该系统可灵活地配置电机驱动电压和步进方式，并且采用以太网传输协议与DDR3存储器，为步进电机驱动需要的速度曲线提供大量数据存储空间，并且经过仿真与测试后该系统达到了相应功能，最终本系统实现了四相步进电机驱动，其中电机驱动电压最大可到20 V以及最大微步细分可达256细分，同时上位机可实时监测电机相电压、相电流、霍尔信号以及编码器等电机相关参数。

Abstract: Stepper motor has the advantages of precise positioning, high repeatability, high stability, high reliability and easy open-loop control, etc., and is widely used in medical devices, consumer electronics and optical equipment and other fields with high precision requirements. The four-phase stepper motor has the advantages of higher resolution, smoothness and dynamic performance compared with the two-phase stepper motor, so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the four-phase stepper motor drive system to cope with the application field of higher demand. This paper designs a four-phase stepper motor drive and parameter acquisition system based on FPGA. The system can flexibly configure the motor drive voltage and stepping mode, and adopts Ethernet transmission protocol and DDR3 memory to provide a large amount of data storage space for the speed curve required by the stepper motor drive. After simulation and testing, the system achieves the corresponding function. Finally, the system realizes the four-phase stepper motor drive, in which the maximum motor drive voltage can reach 20 V and the maximum micro-step subdivision can reach 256 subdivision, and the upper computer can monitor the motor phase voltage, phase current, Hall signal, encoder and other motor related parameters in real time.