以危险方法危害公共安全罪的适用问题研究

Research on the Application of the Crime of Endangering Public Security by Dangerous Means

摘要: 《刑法修正案(十一)》增设妨害安全驾驶、高空抛物等罪，明显限缩以危险方法危害公共安全等具有“口袋化”罪名的适用，而且新增犯罪的法定刑明显轻于对应的口袋罪，可见，我国刑事立法技术不断发展，“口袋”越扎越紧是趋势。但是，司法实践中概念模糊、适用扩张的问题依然存在，其实质是对类推解释制度的保留，由此导致的系列连锁反应不容忽视，本文通过分析扩张适用的原因，主要从法律适用角度针对性提出限制扩张适用的手段，以犯罪构成要件为出发点，对以危险方法危害公共安全罪认定标准进行解释适用，明晰“公共安全”和“危险方法”的认定标准，完善本罪的司法适用。

Abstract: The Amendment to the Criminal Code (XI) adds the offences of impairing safe driving and throwing objects at high altitude, and significantly limits the application of “packetized” offences such as endangering public safety by dangerous means. Moreover, the statutory penalty for new crimes is significantly lower than the corresponding pocket crimes. It can be seen that China’s criminal legislative technology is constantly developing, and the “pocket” is getting tighter. However, conceptual ambiguity and application of expansion still exist in judicial practice, which is essentially a reservation to the system of analogous interpretation, and the chain reactions that result from this cannot be ignored. This article analyzes the reasons for the application of expansion. Mainly from the judicial point of view to limit the expansion of the means to constitute a crime as a point of departure, dangerous means to endanger public safety of the crime criteria to explain the application, clear “public safety” and “dangerous means” criteria, improve the judicial application of this crime.