积极心理学视角下高校辅导员心理压力与应对策略研究

Research on Psychological Stress and Coping Strategies of College Counselors from the Perspective of Positive Psychology

摘要: 随着高等教育转型与社会发展，高校辅导员面临的压力与挑战日益增加，对其心理压力及其应对策略进行研究具有重要的现实意义。本文基于积极心理学视角，通过问卷法与访谈法相结合的方式对高校辅导员的心理压力和应对策略进行了深入分析。研究首先识别并分类了辅导员压力源头，包括工作任务的繁重性、角色不明确、人际关系复杂和心理资源匮乏四个方面，揭示了工作倦怠、人际关系疏离、决策困难以及职业发展困惑等心理压力表现。然后，本文探讨了积极情感、心理资本及心理弹性对高校辅导员缓解心理压力和提升工作绩效的积极影响，并结合心理弹性理论、社会支持理论、压力管理理论等提出了心理压力的应对策略。研究结果不仅为辅导员的压力管理和心理健康提高贡献了科学的理论框架，并且为实际工作中的策略实施提供了具体的操作建议，促进理论与实践的有机结合。最终，文章提出了对未来研究方向的展望，强调了个体差异、效果反馈与持续改进的重要性，为高校辅导员心理压力管理提供了新的理论视角和实用的方法论支持。

Abstract: With the transformation of higher education and social development, the pressure and challenges faced by college counselors are increasing day by day, and it is of great practical significance to study their psychological pressure and coping strategies. This article is based on the perspective of positive psychology and conducts an in-depth analysis of the psychological pressure and coping strategies of college counselors through a combination of questionnaire and interview methods. The study first identified and classified the sources of stress for counselors, including the heaviness of work tasks, unclear roles, complex interpersonal relationships, and lack of psychological resources. It revealed psychological stress manifestations such as job burnout, interpersonal alienation, decision-making difficulties, and career development confusion. Then, this article explores the positive effects of positive emotions, psychological capital, and psychological resilience on college counselors to alleviate psychological stress and improve work performance, and proposes coping strategies for psychological stress based on theories such as psychological resilience, social support, and stress management. The research results not only contribute a scientific theoretical framework for the stress management and mental health improvement of counselors, but also provide specific operational suggestions for the implementation of strategies in practical work, promoting the organic combination of theory and practice. Finally, the article proposes prospects for future research directions, emphasizing the importance of individual differences, feedback on effectiveness, and continuous improvement, providing new theoretical perspectives and practical methodological support for psychological stress management of college counselors.