外泌体在脓毒症免疫麻痹机制中的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes in the Mechanism of Immunosuppression in Sepsis

摘要: 脓毒症(sepsis)作为一种在重症监护病房中常见的高危疾病，其特征是由于宿主体内感染引发的免疫反应失衡，进而导致生命威胁性的多器官功能衰竭。免疫系统的调控紊乱是脓毒症发病的核心机制，而在疾病进程中，免疫细胞的凋亡加速和炎症因子的异常释放所引发的免疫功能抑制，是造成多数患者死亡的重要原因。近年来，外泌体在脓毒症中的角色受到了广泛关注，特别是在免疫调节方面的作用，可在细胞间传递信息，影响宿主的免疫响应。在脓毒症中，外泌体可能通过携带特定的信号分子影响免疫细胞的功能，从而在免疫麻痹中起到一定的作用。免疫功能监测与免疫治疗在肿瘤领域成为研究的热点并取得一定成果，脓毒症同样涉及免疫麻痹，但其具体机制值得进一步探究。本文就脓毒症免疫麻痹机制中外泌体可能通过的两个机制的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract: Sepsis is a common high-risk disease in intensive care units. It is characterized by an imbalance in the immune response caused by infection in the host, which in turn leads to life-threatening multiple organ failure. The disorder of immune system regulation is the core mechanism of sepsis pathogenesis. In the disease process, the accelerated apoptosis of immune cells and the abnormal release of inflammatory factors causing immunosuppression are important reasons for the death of most patients. In recent years, the role of exosomes in sepsis has received extensive attention, especially their role in immune regulation. They can transmit information between cells and affect the host’s immune response. In sepsis, exosomes may affect the function of immune cells by carrying specific signal molecules, thus playing a certain role in immune paralysis. Immune function monitoring and immunotherapy have become research hotspots in the field of tumors and have achieved certain results. Sepsis also involves immune paralysis, but its specific mechanism is worthy of further exploration. This article reviews the research progress of two possible mechanisms through which exosomes may act in the mechanism of immunosuppression in sepsis.