法经济学视野下的数据确权研究

Research on Data Confirmation from the Perspective of Law and Economics

摘要: 在当前数字化时代，数据作为重要的生产要素，其法律属性及确权问题日益凸显。《民法典》对数据权属问题提供了一定的依据，然而在全国性立法层面并没有对数据确权作出回应。理论界对于数据权利配置众说纷纭，但缺乏从法律经济学的视角对其进行系统的研究，《中共中央、国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》采用了一种经济学的话语表达，提供通过法经济学研究数据权利配置的可能视角。明确数据权利有助于降低交易成本和避免数据滥用，从而实现经济效率的最大化。本文拟以法经济效率理论为指引，围绕“确立数据确权需要解决的主要问题”、“数据确权与数据保护之间的关系”、“解决数据确权的可能路径”三大问题展开，以消解数据确权的理论和实践困境，保障数据权利。

Abstract: In the current digital era, as a key factor of production, the legal nature of data and its confirmation of rights have become increasingly prominent. The Civil Code provides a basis for the issue of data ownership, but there is no response to data ownership at the national level. Theorists have different opinions about the allocation of data rights, but the lack of systematic study on it from the perspective of law and economics exists. The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Constructing a Data Base System to Better Play the Role of Data Elements adopts an economic expression and provides a possible perspective to study the allocation of data rights through law economics. Clarity on data rights maximizes economic efficiency by reducing transaction costs and avoiding data abuse. Based on the theory of law and economic efficiency, this paper focuses on three issues: the main problems to be solved in establishing data ownership, the relationship between data ownership and data protection, and the possible way to solve data ownership.