四肢多发性腱黄色瘤1例

Multiple Tendon Xanthoma of the Extremities: A Case Report

摘要: 腱黄色瘤主要由肌腱内胶原纤维增生、富含胆固醇酯的巨噬细胞(泡沫样细胞)及裂隙状胆固醇结晶局部沉积所致，跟腱为其最好发的部位，也常发生于髌腱、指间关节及肘关节等关节的伸肌腱处，四肢多发病例较为少见。目前多认为腱黄色瘤与高脂血症相关，主要发生于家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)、原发性高脂血症等脂质代谢异常患者。该文章笔者呈现并分析了1例经手术病理证实为腱黄色瘤的磁共振成像表现，并结合国内外大量的文献进行回顾复习总结，旨在提高本病的MRI诊断水平及经验，降低临诊断误诊率。

Abstract: Xanthoxanoma of tendon is mainly caused by intratendon collagen fibroplasia, cholesterol ester rich macrophages (foam cells) and fusiform cholesterol crystal deposition. The Achilles tendon is the most common site for xanthoxanoma, and it often occurs in the extensor tendon of patellar tendon, interphalangeal joint, elbow joint and other joints. Multiple cases in limbs are rare. At present, it is believed that tendon xanthoma is related to hyperlipidemia, which mainly occurs in patients with abnormal lipid metabolism such as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and primary hyperlipi-demia. In this paper, the author presented and analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging findings of a case of tendon xanthoma confirmed by surgery and pathology, and reviewed and summarized a large number of literatures at home and abroad, aiming to improve the MRI diagnosis level and experience of this disease, and reduce the clinical diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate.