ICU患者家属对输血知情同意相关认知现状及其影响因素分析

Current Cognitive Status of Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion among Family Members of ICU Patients and Its Influencing Factor

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在调查某三甲医院ICU患者家属对输血知情同意相关认知现状及其影响因素分析，增加患者家属对输血知情同意相关的认知需求、提高沟通成效。方法：选取2023年1月至2023年4月某三甲医院ICU 107名输血患者家属作为调查对象，采用便利抽样法，通过自行设计调查问卷，包括患者家属的基本信息和对输血知情同意相关认知现状。将单因素分析具有统计学差异的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归模型，采用逐步回归筛选变量，获取独立影响因素。结果：107名ICU输血患者家属认知现状分析发现接受调查的患者家属对输血的方式、输血的替代治疗方案以及替代治疗方案的内容普遍认知度较低。多因素回归分析发现患者家属年龄、学历、输血相关知识讲解时间、讲解时长是对输血知情同意相关认知现状的独立影响因素(P < 0.05，且OR > 1)。结论：患者家属年纪相对较大、学历较低、且在输血当天讲解相关知识、讲解时长短是主要导致其掌握情况较差的影响因素，医护人员在面对不同的患者家属时需要针对性的采取有效的沟通交流方式；应加强对ICU患者家属的输血知识教育，提高其对输血知情同意的认知水平，确保输血治疗的顺利进行。同时，医务人员在进行输血知情告知时，应充分考虑家属的个体差异，采用通俗易懂的方式进行沟通。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the current cognitive status of family members of ICU patients in a tertiary hospital regarding blood transfusion informed consent and analyze its influencing factors, so as to increase the cognitive needs of family members regarding blood transfusion informed consent and improve communication effectiveness. Methods: From January 2023 to April 2023, 107 family members of blood transfusion patients in the ICU of a tertiary hospital were selected as the survey objects. By using the convenience sampling method, a self-designed questionnaire was used, including the basic information of family members and the current cognitive status regarding blood transfusion informed consent. Variables with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model, and stepwise regression was used to screen variables to obtain independent influencing factors. Results: The cognitive status analysis of 107 family members of ICU blood transfusion patients found that the surveyed family members generally had low awareness of blood transfusion methods, alternative treatment options for blood transfusion, and the content of alternative treatment options. Multivariate regression analysis found that the age, education level, time of explaining blood transfusion-related knowledge, and duration of explanation of family members were independent influencing factors on the current cognitive status of blood transfusion informed consent (P < 0.05, and OR > 1). Conclusion: Relatively older family members, lower educational levels, explaining relevant knowledge on the day of blood transfusion, and short explanation duration are the main influencing factors leading to poor mastery. Medical staff need to adopt targeted and effective communication methods when facing different family members. Blood transfusion knowledge education for family members of ICU patients should be strengthened to improve their cognitive level of blood transfusion informed consent and ensure the smooth progress of blood transfusion treatment. At the same time, when medical staff conduct blood transfusion informed consent notification, they should fully consider the individual differences of family members and communicate in an easy-to-understand way.