浅谈影响汽轮机真空度的原因及解决措施

A Brief Discussion on the Reasons Affecting the Vacuum Degree of Steam Turbine and the Solutions

摘要: 目前国内乙烯装置压缩机大部分采用抽汽凝液式透平作为驱动设备，其中复水器冷凝系统的真空度高低对汽轮机做功效率有着重要意义。本研究旨在解决国内乙烯装置中抽汽凝液式透平驱动设备在复水器冷凝系统真空度下降的问题。鉴于真空度对汽轮机做功效率的重要性，本文分析了影响复水器真空度的多种因素，包括系统密封情况、冷却水温度和用量、蒸汽品质、机组工况以及抽气系统的运行情况。研究采用系统分析法和实验验证方法，以国内某乙烯装置为研究对象，通过数据收集和分析，确定了各因素对真空度的影响程度。研究结果表明，除了已知的系统密封和冷却水因素外，蒸汽品质和抽气系统运行情况也对真空度有显著影响。基于这些发现，本文提出了更换密封垫圈、采用混合型冷凝器换热以及适当加大喷淋量的改进方案。这些措施的实施有望提高复水器冷凝系统的真空度，从而提升汽轮机的做功效率，对乙烯装置的节能降耗和运行稳定性具有重要意义。

Abstract: At present, most of the domestic ethylene compressors use the extraction condensate turbine as the driving equipment, and the vacuum degree of the condensation system of the rehydration has an important meaning for the work efficiency of the steam turbine. This study aims to solve the problem that vacuum of the turbine driving equipment decreases in the condensation system of the domestic ethylene device. In view of the importance of vacuum on the work efficiency of the turbine, this paper analyzes many factors affecting the vacuum of the rehydration, including system sealing, cooling water temperature and dosage, steam quality, unit condition and operation of the extraction system. Taking a domestic ethylene device as example, the systematic analysis method and experimental verification method were used to determine the influence degree of each factor on the vacuum degree through data collection and analysis. The results show that, in addition to the known system sealing and cooling water factors, the steam quality and the operation of the pumping system also have a significant influence on the vacuum degree. Based on these findings, this paper proposes the improvement scheme of replacing the sealing washer, using the heat exchange with mixed condenser and appropriately increasing the spray amount. The implementation of these measures is expected to improve the vacuum of the condensation system of the rehydration, so as to improve the work efficiency of the turbine, which is of great significance to the energy saving and operation stability of the ethylene device.