动词后体貌标记的比较研究——以“完₁”和“了₁”为例

A Comparative Study of Postverbal Aspect Markers—Taking “Wan₁” and “Le₁” as Examples

摘要: “完”和“了”是现代汉语体貌系统中重要的组成成分。文章将运用对比分析法、文献研究法和定性研究法，以这两个体貌标记“完₁”与“了₁”为研究对象，结合语料从句法和语义角度比较研究他们在语法程度以及句子中意义的差异，并且在此基础上通过分析两者之间的互换现象，总结归纳后试图找出其中的替换规律，探究两者不能互换的原因。得出初步结论：当“完₁”或“了₁”所在小句中省略宾语，由于受到动词类型，宾语等因素的影响，事件强调的焦点在“完₁”上，插入其他体貌标记词，以及动词为强持续活动动词这四种情况下时两者不能互换。

Abstract: “Wan₁” and “le₁” are important components in the aspect system of modern Chinese. This paper will use comparative analysis, literature research and qualitative research methods and take these two aspect markers “wan₁” and “le₁” as the research object, and combine the corpus to compare and study their differences in grammar degree and meaning in sentences from the perspective of syntax and semantics. On this basis, by analyzing the interchangeability between the two, the paper tries to find out the substitution rule and explore the reasons why the two cannot be interchangeable. The preliminary conclusion is that when the object is omitted in the clause of “wan₁” or “le₁”, the emphasis of the event is on the “wan₁”, other physical markers are inserted, and the verb is a strong continuous activity verb, the two cannot be interchangeable, because the verb type, object and other factors affect them.