叉车曲柄滑块式转向机构优化设计

Optimisation of Crank-Slider Steering Mechanism for Forklift Trucks

摘要: 随着经济的飞速发展，叉车普及率越来越高，遍及国民经济的各行各业。叉车作业特点是高频率的转向工况。因此叉车转向机构对叉车性能十分重要。叉车转向机构的左右轮转角误差过大，将会导致叉车轮胎磨损加剧，使用寿命减少。为降低轮胎磨损，提高叉车转向效率，对转向机构进行优化设计。本文拟采用adams软件对曲柄滑块式转向机构进行建模，对转向节臂长、转向节臂初始角、连杆长度、液压缸偏距四个参数创建设计变量，并采用设计点坐标的方式对转向机构六个关键点进行参数化。以理论车轮外转角与实际车轮外转角的平均误差为目标函数，先对4个变量单独进行设计研究，再整体进行优化设计。结果表明优化后的转向机构，最大误差减小6˚，误差最大为1.81˚，平均误差减小了81.1%。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the economy, the forklift trucks are becoming more and more popular, all over the national economy in all walks of life. Forklift operations are characterised by high-frequency steering conditions. Therefore, the forklift steering mechanism is very important to the forklift performance. Excessive errors in the left and right wheel angles of the forklift steering mechanism will result in increased wear and reduced service life of the forklift tyres. In order to reduce tyre wear and improve forklift steering efficiency, the steering mechanism is optimally designed. This paper proposes to model the crank-slider steering mechanism using adams software, create design variables for four parameters: steering knuckle arm length, steering knuckle arm initial angle, connecting rod length, hydraulic cylinder offset, and parameterise six key points of the steering mechanism using design point coordinates. Taking the average error between the theoretical wheel external rotation angle and the actual wheel external rotation angle as the objective function, the four variables were designed and studied individually, and then optimised as a whole. The results indicate that the optimised steering mechanism has a maximum error reduction of 6˚, with a maximum error of 1.81˚ and an average error reduction of 81.1%.