思想如何理解现实？——《黑格尔法哲学批判〈导言〉》现实观新探

How Can Ideas Comprehend Reality?—A New Exploration of the Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right’s View of Reality

摘要: 《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》是马克思思想理解现实的重要路标，一方面，马克思对德国社会现实进行剖析，指出德意志意识形态与德国现实的差距；另一方面，马克思的批判具备历史感，立足无产阶级立场批判德国现实，力图在无产阶级和哲学的结合中推动德国社会现实的发展。马克思通过《导言》逐渐走出了思辨的旧哲学，探索出了一条通过现实批判，依靠无产阶级，实现人类解放的道路。

Abstract: The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right is an important signpost for Marx’s thought to understand reality. On the one hand, Marx analyses the German social reality, pointing out the gap between the German ideology and the German reality; on the other hand, Marx’s criticism possesses a sense of history based on the proletarian standpoint of criticizing the German reality and seeks to push forward the development of the German social reality in the combination of the proletariat and philosophy. Through the Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, Marx gradually stepped out of the old philosophy of discursive thinking and explored a way to achieve human emancipation through the critique of reality and reliance on the proletariat.