浅谈龙江烟区宜机化品种选育策略

A Brief Discussion on the Selection and Breeding Strategy of Mechanized Varieties in Longjiang Tobacco Area

摘要: 烤烟的生产环节繁多，传统的烤烟田间生产环节需要较多的劳动力，而随着经济社会的发展，农村适龄劳动力的平均年龄不断提高，劳动力价格也逐年提高，烤烟生产“用工难、雇工贵”的问题凸显，烤烟机械化生产成为决定烤烟产业稳定发展的决定性因素。但当前黑龙江产区推广种植的烤烟品种如龙江911、龙江981、龙烟101等，品种性状都无法较好地满足全程机械化作业要求，因此选育适宜龙江烟区机械化作业的宜机化品种是稳定龙江烟区发展的必然途径。本文从当前宜机化品种培育的相关进展、宜机化品种的特征、品种选育的方向策略及品种选育的方法上进行简要概述。

Abstract: The production process of flue-cured tobacco is complex, and traditional flue-cured tobacco field production requires a large amount of labor. With the development of the economy and society, the average age of rural labor of appropriate age continues to increase, and labor prices have also increased year by year. The problem of “difficult labor and expensive employment” in flue-cured tobacco production has become prominent, and mechanized flue-cured tobacco production has become a decisive factor in determining the stable development of the flue-cured tobacco industry. However, the flue-cured tobacco varieties currently promoted and planted in the Heilongjiang production area, such as LJ911, LJ981, and LY101, cannot meet the requirements of full mechanized operation in terms of their traits. Therefore, selecting suitable mechanized varieties for mechanized operation in the Heilongjiang tobacco area is a necessary way to stabilize its development. This article provides a brief overview of the current progress in the cultivation of mechanized varieties, the characteristics of mechanized varieties, the direction and strategy of variety breeding, and the methods of variety breeding.