摘要: 目的：观察芩夏清热祛风颗粒对感染后咳嗽(PIC)模型大鼠血清P物质(SP)、神经激肽A (NKA)、神经激肽B (NKB)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量及肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平的影响，探讨芩夏清热祛风颗粒改善PIC气道神经源性炎症的作用机制。方法：将60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、对照组和低、中、高剂量组各10只。空白组不予造模，其余各组均采用烟熏结合脂多糖(LPS)溶液滴鼻及辣椒素雾化吸入制备感染后咳嗽大鼠模型。造模成功后，对照组按体质量4.78 ml/(kg∙d)给予复方甲氧那明溶液灌胃，低、中、高剂量组分别按体质量44.2 ml/(kg∙d)、93.6 ml/(kg∙d)、127.8 ml/(kg∙d)给予芩夏清热祛风颗粒溶液灌胃，空白组、模型组按体质量10 mL/(kg∙d) 0.9% NaCl灌胃给药，每天1次，连续14 d，空白组不做任何处理。观察6组大鼠末次给药后3min内咳嗽次数，HE染色观察6组大鼠肺组织病理形态学变化，ELISA法检测6组大鼠血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量，免疫组化法检测6组大鼠肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达。结果：与空白组比较，模型组末次给药后3min咳嗽次数明显增多(P < 0.05)，可见气道炎症表现及上皮损伤，血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量均明显升高(P < 0.05)，肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P < 0.05)；与模型组比较，对照组和低、中、高剂量组末次给药后3min咳嗽次数均少于模型组(P < 0.05)，气道炎症表现及上皮损伤程度均有所减轻，对照组和中、高剂量组血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP水平均有降低(P < 0.05)，对照组和中、高剂量组肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平均有下降(P < 0.05)，低剂量组血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量和肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平均有降低(P > 0.05)；与对照组比较，中、高剂量组血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量和肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平无显著性差异(P > 0.05)，低剂量组血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量和肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平较高(P < 0.05)。结论：芩夏清热祛风颗粒能够降低PIC大鼠血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP的含量，抑制大鼠肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP的蛋白表达，减轻肺组织的炎性浸润，从而减轻气道神经源性炎症，达到促进疾病恢复的作用。
Abstract: Objective: To observe the effects of Qinxia Qingre Qufeng Granules on the levels of serum substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP proteins in lung tissues in rats with post-infectious cough (PIC) model, and to explore the mechanism of action of Qinxia Qingre Qufeng Granules in improving airway neurogenic inflammation in PIC. Methods: Sixty SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, control group, and low, medium, and high dose groups, with 10 rats in each group. No model was established in the blank group, and the rat model of post-infectious cough was established in the other groups by smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution nasal drops and capsaicin atomization inhalation. After successful modeling, the control group was given compound methoxyphenamine solution by gavage at 4.78 ml/(kg·d) of body weight, the low, medium and high dose groups were given Qinxia Qingre Qufeng granule solution by gavage at 44.2 ml/(kg·d), 93.6 ml/(kg·d) and 127.8 ml/(kg·d) of body weight, respectively, the blank group and model group were given 0.9% NaCl by gavage at 10 mL/(kg·d) of body weight, once a day for 14 consecutive days, and the blank group did not receive any treatment. The number of coughs within 3 minutes after the last administration was observed in the six groups of rats, the pathological morphological changes of the lung tissues of the six groups of rats were observed by HE staining, the serum SP, NKA, NKB and CGRP levels of the six groups of rats were detected by ELISA, and the SP, NKA, NKB and CGRP protein expressions of the lung tissues of the six groups of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the blank group, the number of coughs in the model group increased significantly 3 minutes after the last administration (P < 0.05), and airway inflammation and epithelial damage were observed. The serum SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP proteins in lung tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the number of coughs in the control group and the low, medium, and high dose groups were less than that in the model group 3 minutes after the last administration (P < 0.05), and the airway inflammation and epithelial damage were alleviated. The serum SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP levels in the control group and the medium and high dose groups were reduced (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP in lung tissues of the medium- and high-dose groups decreased (P < 0.05), and the serum SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP levels and the protein expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP in lung tissues of the low-dose group decreased (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in the serum SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP levels and the protein expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP in lung tissues of the medium- and high-dose groups (P > 0.05), and the serum SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP levels and the protein expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP in lung tissues of the low-dose group were higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Qinxia Qingre Qufeng Granule can reduce the serum SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP levels of PIC rats, inhibit the protein expression of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP in rat lung tissues, and reduce the inflammatory infiltration of lung tissues, thereby reducing airway neurogenic inflammation and promoting disease recovery.