基于“象”思维谈祖国医学的方法论

The Methodology of Chinese Medicine Being Discussed Based on the “Xiang-Thinking”

摘要: 象思维也叫取象思维，它是以《周易》为代表的中国古代哲学认识事物的基本思维。是我国传统文化中最具代表性的思维方式。“象”通常指客观事物表现于外在的现象、形象。一切可以看到的、闻到的、听到的、能触及的、可感知的，都是“象”。天地之间，万物以“象”的形式表现出来。通过类比、象征等方法，根据两类事物在某种属性上的相似而推出它们在其他方面也可能相同或相似，这样的逻辑推理就是“象思维”。仝小林认为，象思维，是中国文化的主导思维形式，也是传统中医药产生和发展的主导思维形式。象思维的形成过程，是由观象、比象，到意象、抽象，从形而下的发现，到形而上抽提，再回到形而下去验证，往复循环，不断试错、纠错，逐步完善，形成相对真理。因此，研究中医的象思维，能为世界打开中华文明宝库提供一把钥匙。仝小林通过阳光的作用与中医运用温阳药物相类比治疗抑郁、“苦酸制甜”食物和药物治疗糖尿病等例子，仝小林展示了中医“象思维”在实际运用中取得的有效成果和治疗意义。这就是中医世界观与方法论的基础。

Abstract: Xiang-thinking is also called image-oriented thinking, which is the basic thinking of understanding things in ancient Chinese philosophy represented by Zhouyi. It is the most representative way of thinking in Chinese traditional culture. “Xiang-thinking” usually refers to the objective things expressed in the external phenomenon, the image. Everything that can be seen, smelled, heard, touched, and perceived is an “Xiang-thinking”. Between heaven and earth, all things are expressed in the form of “Xiang-thinking”. Through analogy, symbol, etc., according to the two types of things are similar in certain attributes, they may be identical or similar in other aspects, such logical reasoning is “Xiang-thinking”. Tong Xiaolin believes that Xiang-thinking is the dominant thinking form of Chinese culture and the leading form of thinking for the generation and development of traditional Chinese medicine. The formation process of Xiang-thinking is from view, comparison, to image, abstract, from the metaphysical discovery, to the metaphysical extraction, and then back to the shape to the verification, cycle, continuous trial and error, error correction, gradually perfect, the formation of relative truth. Therefore, the study of Chinese thinking can provide a key for the world to open the treasure house of Chinese civilization. Tong Xiaolin used the effect of sunshine and the use of Chinese medicine to treat depression, “bitter sour and sweet” food and drugs to treat diabetes, Tong Xiaolin demonstrated the effective results and therapeutic significance of TCM “Xiang-thinking” in practical application. This is the basis of the TCM world outlook and methodology.