咸水与交换磁化咸水滴灌对枸杞根区盐分的影响及节水效果——以喀什地区为例

The Effect of Saline Water and Exchange Magnetization Saline Water Drip Irrigation on Salt Content and Water-Saving Effect in the Chinese Wolfberry Root Zone Water-Saving Effect—Taking Kashgar Region as an Example

摘要: 目的：抽地下咸水重复灌溉，使加剧了农田的盐碱化，该文提出节水控制盐碱化的技术。方法：根据土壤对水分的吸水能力、土壤性质、水质、滴水量及滴水时间相同的条件下，采用全用地下咸水滴灌与先用地下咸水湿润土壤后交换磁化水滴灌的方法，该方法对枸杞根区盐分的变化及节水效果进行研究。[结果]对盐分9.55 g/kg盐碱土进行灌水8次之后，全用地下咸水滴灌时根区盐分的降低量为0.78 g/kg，先用地下咸水湿润土壤后交换磁化水滴灌时根区盐分的降低量为1.02 g/kg，交换磁化水滴灌方法可提高淋洗盐分的效率。结论：全用地下咸水滴灌与交换磁化水滴灌相比，交换磁化水滴灌可加速湿润体盐分的各向运移，每年可节约3次的冲洗盐分用水量。湿润体盐分的各向运移不仅与土壤性质、土壤盐分、土壤容重及灌水次数有关，而且与土壤易溶盐、咸水的磁化程度及水源盐分也有密切的关系。

Abstract: Objective: Repetitive irrigation with underground saline water exacerbates the salinization of farmland. This article proposes water-saving control techniques for salinization. Method: Under the same conditions of soil water absorption capacity, soil properties, water quality, drip amount, and drip time, the method of using all underground saline water drip irrigation and first wetting the soil with underground saline water and then exchanging magnetized water drip irrigation was adopted to study the variation of salt content and water-saving effect in the Chinese Wolfberry root zone. Result: After irrigating the saline alkali soil with a salt content of 9.55 g/kg 8 times, the reduction in root zone salt content was 0.78 g/kg when using underground saline water drip irrigation. The reduction in root zone salt content was 1.02 g/kg when using underground saline water to moisten the soil first and then exchanging magnetized water for drip irrigation. The exchange magnetized water drip irrigation method can improve the efficiency of salt leaching. Conclusion: Compared with exchange magnetized water drip irrigation, exchange magnetized water drip irrigation can accelerate the anisotropic transport of salt in moist bodies and save 3 times of flushing salt water usage per year. The anisotropic transport of salt in moist soil is not only related to soil properties, soil salinity, soil bulk density, and irrigation frequency, but also closely related to the solubility of soil salts, the degree of magnetization of saline water, and the salinity of water sources.