叶面喷施硅肥对荔枝果实发育及抗裂果的影响

Effect of Foliar Spraying Silicon Fertilizer on Fruit Development and Fruit Crack Resistance of Litchi

摘要: 目的：硅是影响荔枝裂果的重要因素之一。对抗裂性不同的两个荔枝品种(‘糯米糍’和‘桂味’荔枝)进行不同浓度的硅肥处理，以期了解荔枝果皮硅含量、果皮硬度、果实发育状况与果实裂果间的关系。结果：1) 叶片喷施不同浓度硅肥后，都可增加荔枝果皮的硅含量。2) 荔枝叶片喷施不同浓度硅肥后，浓度为500 ppm和2000 ppm的硅肥可以增加‘桂味’荔枝果皮的最大力值和果皮最大应力值。3) 喷施硅肥的‘糯米糍’荔枝其单果重、果皮重都比对照高，种子重都比对照低。4) 喷施硅肥的‘桂味’和‘糯米糍’荔枝裂果率都比对照低，并达显著水平。

Abstract: Objective: Silicon is one of important factors that affect fruit cracking of litchi. Two litchi varieties (‘Nuo Mici’ and ‘Gui Wei’) of different cracking resistance were sprayed by different concentration silicon fertilizer. The relationship between silicon content in litchi pericarp, hardness of pericarp, fruit development and fruit crack was studied. Result: 1) The silicon content in litchi pericarp was increased after litchi leaves were sprayed by different concentrations of silicon fertilizer. 2) The maximum force and maximum stress value of ‘Gui Wei’ litchi pericarp were increased after ‘Gui Wei’ litchi leaves were sprayed by concentration of 500 ppm and 2000 ppm of silicon fertilizer. 3) The weight of single fruit and pericarp of ‘Nuo Mici’ litchi that was sprayed by silicon fertilizer were higher than that of contrast, the weight of seed were all lower than that of contrast. 4) The fruit cracking rate of ‘Gui Wei’ and ‘Nuo Mici’ litchi that were sprayed by silicon fertilizer were lower than that of contrast, and that achieves the remarkable level.