外泌体miRNA与骨质疏松：中医药靶向治疗机制的前沿探索及研究进展

Exosomal miRNA and Osteoporosis: Frontier Exploration and Research Progress of Targeted Treatment Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 骨质疏松症(OP)在绝经后女性和老年男性中较为常见，是全球范围内极为普遍的一种慢性疾病。其主要特征是骨量呈下降趋势、骨骼的脆性不断提高以及骨微结构遭到破坏。外泌体包含了蛋白质、脂质、核酸等多种生物活性物质，能够在细胞间传递信息、调节生理功能，并在多种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用。在其中，作为功能性组成部分的微小核糖核酸(miRNA)可通过对骨形成与骨吸收过程进行调控，进而参与骨质疏松症的发生和发展进程。虽然在中医典籍中没有明确关于骨质疏松症的记载，但是如今越来越多的人运用中医药来干预骨质疏松的进展。中医药具有副作用较小的优点，并且相关的体内外实验发现，中医药是通过调节外泌体miRNA来发挥作用的。本文阐述外泌体miRNA与骨质疏松骨组织更新和修复中的关系，以及总结中药如何通过外泌体miRNA对OP发挥作用。

Abstract: Osteoporosis (OP) is relatively common in postmenopausal women and elderly men and is an extremely common chronic disease worldwide. Its main characteristics are a downward trend in bone mass, increasing brittleness of bones, and destruction of bone microstructure. Exosomes contain various bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They can transmit information between cells, regulate physiological functions, and play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), as functional components, can regulate the processes of bone formation and bone resorption and thus participate in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Although there is no clear record of osteoporosis in traditional Chinese medicine classics, nowadays more and more people use traditional Chinese medicine to intervene in the progress of osteoporosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantage of relatively small side effects. And relevant in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that traditional Chinese medicine exerts its effects by regulating exosomal miRNAs. This article elaborates on the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and the renewal and repair of osteoporotic bone tissue, and summarizes how traditional Chinese medicine exerts its effects on OP through exosomal miRNAs.