从单一结构到多元结构：道德认同的综合框架

From Single to Multiple Structures: An Integrative Framework of Moral Identity

摘要: 道德认同是指道德特质或“作为有道德的人”对于个体自我概念的重要程度，它通常能够激发道德行为，但在实证研究中也发现了道德认同可能会导致不道德现象(例如道德伪善)。大多数研究都将道德认同视为单一结构，无法解释道德认同为何具有消极作用。对此，道德认同的综合框架将道德认同由单一结构拓展至多元结构，从“促进聚焦–预防聚焦”、“内部动机–外部动机”以及“高解释水平–低解释水平”三个角度探讨道德认同的积极与消极作用。本研究进一步将道德认同的综合框架整合至“自我完善–自我增强”划分角度简化该理论框架，但仍需未来研究对其进一步探讨与验证。

Abstract: Moral identity, which refers to the degree to which moral traits or “being a moral person” are important to an individual’s self-concept, usually motivates moral behaviors, but it has also been found to lead to immoral phenomena (e.g. moral hypocrisy) in empirical studies. Most studies saw moral identity as a single construct and failed to explain why moral identity has a negative effect. In this regard, an integrative framework of moral identity expands moral identity from a single structure to a multiple structure, exploring the positive and negative effects of moral identity from three perspectives: “promotion-prevention focus”, “intrinsic-extrinsic motivation” and “high/low construal level”. The present study further simplifies this integrative framework of moral identity into the “self-improvement-self-enhancement” perspective, which still needs to be further explored and verified in future studies.