团体辅导对单亲家庭儿童抗逆力的干预研究

An Intervention Study of Group Counseling on the Resilience of Children from Single-Parent Families

摘要: 单亲家庭数量的不断增加引发了对单亲家庭儿童成长问题的广泛关注。目的：本研究旨在设计并实施有效的团体辅导课程，以提升单亲家庭儿童的抗逆力水平。方法：使用《青少年心理韧性量表》筛选抗逆力水平低(得分 < 3)的98名学生(来自西安市某中学五、六年级402人)，其中10人接受团体辅导干预，包括6名单亲家庭学生和4名正常家庭学生。结果：1) 西安市某小学五、六年级学生的抗逆力整体水平处于中等水平。在不同人口学变量下，抗逆力水平存在显著差异，特别是性别对抗逆力各维度的影响显著，其中男生在目标专注、情绪控制和积极认知维度上的得分显著高于女生；2) 单亲家庭儿童在家庭支持维度上的得分与非单亲家庭儿童存在边缘性显著差异；3) 团体辅导对整体抗逆力有显著提升效果，尤其在人际协助维度上表现突出；4) 团体辅导对单亲家庭儿童的抗逆力提升效果边缘性显著，对非单亲家庭儿童的提升效果显著，尤其在人际协助维度上效果尤为显著。结论：本研究所采用的团体辅导方案在提升抗逆力方面具有一定的实操性和有效性，为单亲家庭儿童的支持提供了有价值的实践经验。

Abstract: The increasing number of single-parent families has triggered widespread concern about the development of children from single-parent families. Objective: This study aimed to design and implement an effective group counseling program to enhance the resilience level of children from single-parent families. Methods: Ninety-eight students (402 from grades 5 and 6 of an elementary school in Xi’an) with low levels of resilience (score < 3) were screened using the Adolescent Mental Toughness Scale (AMTS), and 10 of them received group counseling interventions, including 6 students from single-parent families and 4 students from normal families. Results: 1) The overall level of resilience among the fifth and sixth grade students of an elementary school in Xi’an was moderate. There were significant differences in the level of resilience across demographic variables, especially in the effects of gender on the dimensions of resilience, with boys scoring significantly higher than girls on the dimensions of goal focus, emotional control, and positive cognition; 2) there were borderline significant differences between the scores of children from single-parent families and those of children from non-single-parent families on the dimensions of family support; 3) the group counseling had a significant enhancement effect on the overall resilience, especially on the interpersonal assistance dimension; 4) group counseling had a borderline significant effect on the resilience of children from single-parent families and a significant effect on children from non-single-parent families, especially on the interpersonal assistance dimension. Conclusion: The group counseling program used in this study is practical and effective in enhancing resilience, and provides valuable practical experience in supporting children from single-parent families.