论《㑇梅香》中樊素对《西厢记》红娘形象的改写

On the Rewriting of the Image of Matchmaker from The Romance of Western Chamber by Fan Su in The Fragrance of Plums

摘要: 《㑇梅香》是元人郑光祖效仿《西厢记》撰写的一部杂剧作品，塑造了一位与红娘形象相似的婢女形象——樊素，在继承红娘形象的基础上亦对其进行了一定改写。首先是人物形象的来源及演变存在差异，红娘形象的首次出现是在中唐元稹的传奇《莺莺传》中，《㑇梅香》虽是元人郑光祖效仿《西厢记》撰写而成，但其人物原型可追溯到唐代诗人白居易的爱妾；其次是人物形象的地位差异，红娘是作为监视者形象出现的，处处受到限制，处在下位者的状态，与之相比，樊素则是小姐的侍读，同样知书达理，并非普通的粗使丫鬟，带有上位者的气息；此外，二者的性格塑造同样存在着较大的不同，《王西厢》中的红娘一角是更具底层人民气质的，豪爽泼辣但又狡黠聪慧，但《㑇梅香》中的樊素却是极具学究气的，演绎出了另一种颇具特色的“红娘”形象。

Abstract: The Fragrant of Plums is a Yuan dynasty zaju play written by Zheng Guangzu, modeled after The Romance of Western Chamber, featuring a maid character similar to the image of the matchmaker—Fan Su. On the basis of inheriting the image of the matchmaker, it has also been rewritten to some extent. First, there were differences in the origin and evolution of the characters. The figure of the matchmaker first appeared in the legendary Biography of Yingying by Yuan Zhen in the Middle Tang Dynasty. Although The Fragrant of Plums was written by Zheng Guangzu following the example of The Romance of Western Chamber, the archetype of the character can be traced back to Bai Juyi’s concubine in Tang Dynasty. The second is the difference in the status of the character image. The image of the matchmaker is portrayed as the monitor, constantly restricted and in the state of the next, compared with Fan Su, who is the person who serves lady read, embodying both literacy and propriety, and is not an ordinary coarse servant girl, carrying an air of authority. In addition, there are also great differences in the shaping of the two personalities. The matchmaker in The Romance of Western Chamber is more of the temperament of the people at the bottom, bold and fierce but cunning and intelligent, while Fan Su in The Fragrant of Plums is very academic and deduces another unique image of “matchmaker”.