一例肛门腺腺癌的个案报道并文献回顾

Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Glands: A Case Report and Literature Review

摘要: 迄今为止，文献仅包含少数肛门腺腺癌病例的报道。肛门腺腺癌是结直肠癌的一种罕见亚型，由于在足够患者群体的情况下进行大规模研究的挑战，因此对其管理的共识变得复杂。本报告详细介绍了一例罕见的肛门腺腺癌病例，该病例在术中探查期间偶然发现。该病例涉及一名46岁女性，因肛周疼痛到门诊部就诊。体格检查显示阴道旁肿块约1厘米。影像学检查显示存在直肠阴道瘘。对病变进行手术切除。手术后患者出院情况良好。病理检查显示肛门腺腺癌。术后进行了化疗，患者仍然存活，没有复发的证据。因其无特异性临床表现，故时常发生漏诊、误诊，甚至有时伴随其他疾病的诊疗过程中检出。本文就一例肛门腺腺癌的病例做相关报道并针对性进行文献综述。

Abstract: To date, the literature contains reports of only a few cases of adenocarcinoma of the anal glands. Adenocarcinoma of the anal glands represents a rare subtype of colorectal cancer, complicating the consensus on its management due to the challenge of conducting large-scale studies with an adequate patient population. This report details a rare case of adenocarcinoma of the anal glands, fortuitously identified during intraoperative exploration. This case involves a 46-year-old female who presented to the outpatient department with perianal pain. Physical examination revealed a paravaginal mass measuring approximately 1 centimeter. Imaging studies demonstrated the presence of a rectovaginal fistula. Surgical resection of the lesion was performed. Following surgery, the patient was discharged in good condition. Pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the anal glands. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered, and the patient remains alive and well without evidence of relapse. Owing to its non-specific clinical manifestations, it often leads to missed or incorrect diagnoses, and sometimes may be detected during the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases. This article reports on a case of anal gland adenocarcinoma and conducts a targeted literature review.