基于CCL语料库的汉语笑声拟声词历代演变研究

A Study on the Historical Evolution of Chinese Laughter Onomatopoeia Based on the CCL Corpus

摘要: 本研究利用北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库(简称CCL语料库)，探讨汉语中笑声拟声词在不同时期的演变路径，揭示其在语音、语义及语用层面的变化规律。研究结果表明，随着历史的推进，汉语中的笑声拟声词逐渐从简单形式演变为复杂多样的表达，尤其是在现代社会，受到文化交流与技术进步的影响，出现大量新词，进一步拓宽“笑”声的表现形式。从先秦到现代，笑声拟声词在语音、语义和语用层面表现出显著变化。例如，“哈哈”在南宋至清代的基本语义虽未改变，但其词形和搭配方式愈加多样，能够传达更丰富的情感内涵。而“嘿嘿”和“呵呵”等拟声词的语义逐渐从表达隐蔽、轻松的情感，演变为传达讽刺、冷笑的意味，显示出在不同历史文化背景下的功能扩展及其在社会互动中的适应性。

Abstract: This study utilizes the Corpus of Center for Chinese Linguistics at Peking University (referred to as the CCL Corpus) to investigate the evolution of laughter onomatopoeia in Chinese across various historical periods, highlighting changes in phonetic, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions. The findings reveal that, over time, laughter onomatopoeia in Chinese has evolved from simple forms to increasingly complex and diverse expressions. In particular, modern times have seen the emergence of numerous new words due to cultural exchanges and technological advancements, further expanding the representation of “laughter”. From the pre-Qin period to the present, significant changes are observed in the phonetic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of laughter onomatopoeia. For example, while the basic meaning of “哈哈” has remained stable from the Southern Song to the Qing dynasty, its form and collocation have diversified, conveying richer emotional nuances. In contrast, onomatopoeia such as “嘿嘿” and “呵呵” have evolved from expressing subtle, casual emotions to conveying sarcasm and ridicule, reflecting their functional expansion and adaptability across different historical and cultural contexts.