童年不良经历对身心健康的影响

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Physical and Mental Health

摘要: 童年不良经历在全球范围内有很高的发生率，容易造成身体和心理损伤，并且可能产生持久性影响，严重阻碍个体身心的健康发展。已有理论对童年不良经历产生的结果进行了讨论，但其观点存在差异。文章对童年不良经历产生消极和积极后果的有关理论进行了梳理和总结，探究了童年不良经历在脑区的结构和功能、压力反应和代谢等方面造成的危害，并从加强预防与筛查、开展积极的学校活动、调节家庭氛围的角度给出了建议，旨在呼吁重视童年不良经历，促进童年不良经历个体的身心健康发展。

Abstract: Adverse childhood experiences have a high incidence globally, which can easily cause physical and psychological damage and may have lasting effects, seriously hindering the healthy development of individuals’ physical and mental health. There have been theories discussing the consequences of adverse childhood experiences, but there are differences in their perspectives. This article reviews and summarizes theories on the negative and positive consequences of adverse childhood experiences, explores the harm caused by adverse childhood experiences in the structure and function of brain regions, stress response, and metabolism, and provides suggestions from the perspectives of strengthening prevention, carrying out positive school activities, and regulating family atmosphere, aiming to call for attention to adverse childhood experiences and promote the physical and mental health development of individuals with adverse childhood experiences.