缩唇呼吸训练在PACU内术后患者预防低氧血症中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Postoperative Pursed-Lip Breathing Exercise on Preventing Hypoxemia in Patients in Post-Anesthsia Care Unit

摘要: 目的：探讨缩唇呼吸训练在麻醉后监测治疗室(post-anesthsia care unit, PACU)内术后患者预防苏醒期低氧血症的应用效果。方法：选取2024年7月~9月上海某三甲医院入PACU苏醒的196例患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(CG组)和实验组(EG组)，每组各98例。对照组实施常规鼻导管氧疗，氧流量3~4 L/min；实验组，在对照组基础上指导患者缩唇呼吸训练。主要结局指标比较两组苏醒期低氧血症的发生率，次要结局指标比较两组低氧血症的持续时间、最低氧饱和度以及苏醒质量。结果：实验组低氧血症的发生率、低氧血症持续的时间明显低于对照组，实验组PACU停留时间明显短于对照组(P ≤ 0.05)。两组患者术后疼痛、恶心呕吐、躁动的发生差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：术后缩唇呼吸训练能够降低苏醒期患者低氧血症的发生率，减少低氧血症持续的时间，缩短PACU停留时间，提高术后患者安全性以及PACU患者转出效率。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of postoperative pursed-lip breathing exercise on the prevention of hypoxemia in post-anesthsia care unit (PACU). Methods: A total of 196 patients admitted to PACU in a Grade A hospital in Shanghai from July to September 2024 were selected as the study objects, and the patients were randomly divided into control group (CG group) and experimental group (EG group), with 98 cases in each group. The control group performed conventional oxygen flow 3-4 L/min nasal catheter oxygen therapy, and the experimental group guided the patients to pursed-lip breathing exercise on the basis of the control group. Primary outcome measures compared the incidence of hypoxemia in the two groups, and secondary outcome measures compared the minimum oxygen saturation, duration of hypoxemia, and the quality of recovery in the two groups. Results: The incidence of hypoxemia and the duration of hypoxemia were significantly lower than that of the control group, and the residence time of PACU was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, and agitation in the two group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative pursed-lip breathing exercise can reduce the incidence of hypoxemia in PACU, reduce the duration of hypoxemia, shorten the stay time in PACU, improve the postoperative patient safety as well as the efficiency of transferring patients out of the PACU.