某医院护士对出院准备服务的认知现状与影响因素探析

An Analysis on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Nurses’ Cognition of Discharge Preparation Service in a Hospital

摘要: 目的：本研究通过现状调查，深入了解本院护士群体对出院准备服务的认知程度及其影响因素，进而探索并构建出切实可行的出院准备服务方案。旨在增强护士的出院准备服务能力，确保患者出院安全，并全面提升护理服务质量与患者满意度。方法：采用本院自主研发的调查问卷，通过便利抽样方式选取本院159名护士作为研究对象，进行全面问卷调查。问卷内容涵盖护士的一般资料、出院准备服务相关知识、态度、实际行为操作以及阻碍服务实施的影响因素等五个维度。运用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据分析，其中，定量数据以均数 ± 标准差的形式展示，组间差异比较采用t检验(两组间)及方差分析(多组间)，并对出院准备服务的影响因素进行单因素及多元线性回归分析。问卷调查的回收率达到100%，确保了数据的完整性与可靠性。结果：调查结果显示，在出院准备服务知识掌握方面，18.2%的护士表示对其非常不了解，28.3%的护士自从事临床护理以来未接受过相关培训。尽管88.1%的护士认同医院开展出院准备服务的必要性，但仅有16.4%的护士具有实际实施该服务的经验。单因素分析揭示，不同宗教信仰、职称、工作科室及工作单位背景的护士在知识得分上存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。此外，17.6%的护士认为当前实施出院准备服务的条件尚不成熟，而高达83.6%的护士表达了对参与系统培训的强烈意愿。影响服务实施的主要因素包括政府部门经济支持不足、转诊体系及配套政策体系不完善、缺乏有效的高危患者筛选工具以及人力资源配置短缺等。结论：本研究发现，护士对出院准备服务的认知、态度与实际操作行为之间存在显著的正向关联。而阻碍该服务有效实施与推广的关键因素在于政策体系的不完善、人力资源的匮乏以及医院管理层的支持力度不足。因此，建议政府部门及医院管理部门应提高对出院准备服务重要性的认识，并给予全面的政策与资源支持，以期实现护理服务质量与患者满意度的双重提升。

Abstract: Objective: Through the investigation of the current situation, this study deeply understood the cognition degree of nurses in our hospital on discharge preparation service and its influencing factors, and then explored and constructed a feasible discharge preparation service plan. The aim is to enhance nurses’ discharge preparation service ability, ensure patients’ discharge safety, and comprehensively improve nursing service quality and patient satisfaction. Methods: 159 nurses in our hospital were selected as subjects by convenient sampling to conduct a comprehensive questionnaire survey using our self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire covers five dimensions, including nurses’ general information, knowledge about discharge preparation service, attitude, actual behavior and operation, and influencing factors that hinder the implementation of service. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, in which quantitative data were presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation, differences between groups were compared by t-test (between two groups) and analysis of variance (between multiple groups), and univariate and multiple linear regression analysis were performed for influencing factors of hospital discharge preparation services. The recovery rate of questionnaire survey reached 100%, which ensured the integrity and reliability of data. Results: The survey results showed that in terms of knowledge acquisition of discharge preparation services, 18.2% of nurses did not know much about them, and 28.3% of nurses had not received relevant training since they engaged in clinical nursing. Although 88.1% of nurses agreed with the necessity of hospital discharge preparation service, only 16.4% of nurses had experience in implementing the service. Univariate analysis revealed that there were significant differences in knowledge scores among nurses with different religious beliefs, professional titles, work departments and work unit backgrounds (P < 0.05). In addition, 17.6% of nurses believed that the current conditions for the implementation of discharge preparation services were not mature, while up to 83.6% of nurses expressed a strong willingness to participate in systematic training. The main factors affecting the implementation of services include insufficient economic support from government departments, imperfect referral system and supporting policy system, lack of effective screening tools for high-risk patients and shortage of human resource allocation. Conclusion: This study found that there was a significant positive correlation between nurses’ cognition and attitude towards discharge preparation service and their actual operation behavior. The key factors that hinder the effective implementation and promotion of this service are the imperfect policy system, the lack of human resources and the insufficient support of the hospital management. Therefore, it is suggested that government departments and hospital management departments should enhance the awareness of the importance of discharge preparation services and give comprehensive policy and resource support, in order to achieve the double improvement of nursing service quality and patient satisfaction.