典型矿山固废二氧化碳矿化利用研究

Research on the Mineralization and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide from Typical Mining Solid Waste

摘要: 随着我国矿山行业的快速发展，尾矿已成为产生量和堆存量最大的工业固废，且尾矿库存在引发环境风险的潜在威胁。为应对这些问题，本文研究了尾矿的资源化利用现状及其在“双碳”背景下通过CO₂矿化实现固碳的潜力。实验以镁铁硅酸盐型尾矿为对象，探讨了矿化反应过程中的pH变化、矿化产物的生成及其对尾矿稳定性的影响。结果表明，尾矿矿化固定CO₂的技术具有良好的可行性，并能有效提高尾矿库的结构稳定性。此外，本文提出了一种基于CO₂矿化的尾矿库强化治理方案，设计了尾矿库现场矿化系统，验证了其在大规模固碳应用中的潜力。研究表明，通过矿山固废的CO₂矿化利用，既能减少环境风险，又能为实现碳减排目标提供新的路径，具有显著的环境和经济效益。

Abstract: With the rapid development of my country’s mining industry, tailings have become the largest industrial solid waste in terms of production and stockpiling, and tailings ponds pose a potential threat to environmental risks. To address these issues, this paper studies the current status of tailings resource utilization and its potential for carbon fixation through CO₂ mineralization under the background of “dual carbon”. The experiment took magnesium-iron silicate tailings as the object, and explored the pH changes during the mineralization reaction, the generation of mineralization products and their effects on the stability of tailings. The results show that the technology of CO₂ fixation by tailings mineralization has good feasibility and can effectively improve the structural stability of the tailings pond. In addition, this paper proposes a tailings pond enhancement management scheme based on CO₂ mineralization, designs an on-site mineralization system for tailings ponds, and verifies its potential in large-scale carbon fixation applications. Research shows that the utilization of CO₂ mineralization from mining solid waste can not only reduce environmental risks, but also provide a new path to achieve carbon emission reduction goals, with significant environmental and economic benefits.