雷公山北坡垂直梯度观测气候要素特征研究分析

Study on the Characteristics of Climatic Elements Observed by Vertical Gradient on the North Slope of Leigong Mountain

摘要: 利用雷公山北坡不同海拔高度上的3个梯度气象观测站及雷公山山顶国家无人值守站2018年7月1日~2021年6月30日的逐月气温、降水资料，分析了雷公山气温、降水的演变特征。结果表明：雷公山山顶年最高气温为35.7℃，年最低气温为−7.1℃，山顶年平均气温为10.6℃，从山底到山顶随着海拔高度的增加年平均气温以−0.48℃/100 m趋势下降；从山底到山顶，不同历时暴雨频次总体随着海拔高度的增加呈上升趋势，又以山顶7月份1 h发生的暴雨频次最多，整体走势呈单峰形，且振幅明显；随着全球气候变暖的趋势，水资源匮乏的大背景下，短历时强降水呈增多趋势，最大小时雨强出现在山顶，为62.8 mm/h，出现在午后15时；而整个雷公山北坡一日当中有3个降水峰值时段，分别为清晨01~02时、白天10~15时和夜间21~22时，其中又以清晨01~02时表现最为突出。

Abstract: Based on the monthly temperature and precipitation data of three gradient meteorological observation stations at different altitudes on the northern slope of Leigong Mountain and the national unattended station at the top of Leigong Mountain from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, the evolution characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Leigong Mountain are analyzed. The results show that the annual maximum temperature is 35.7˚C, the annual minimum temperature is −7.1˚C, and the annual average temperature is 10.6˚C. With the increase of altitude from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain, the annual average temperature decreases with −0.48 ˚C/100 M; From the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain, the frequency of Rainstorm in different durations generally increased with the increase of altitude, and the rainstorm frequency occurred in 1 hour of July on the top of the mountain was the most, and the overall trend was single peak, and the amplitude was obvious; with the trend of global warming and the background of water shortage, the short duration heavy rainfall showed an increasing trend, and the maximum hourly rainfall intensity appeared at the top of the mountain, 8 mm/h, which appeared at 15:00 p.m., while there were three peak periods of precipitation on the northern slope of Leigong Mountain in a day, which were 01~02 a.m., 10~15 a.m. and 21~22 p.m., among which the most prominent was at 01~02 a.m.