水凝胶微球载药方式在关节区软骨中的应用

Application of Drug-Loading Method Using Hydrogel Microspheres in Articular Cartilage

摘要: 关节软骨损伤是临床上常见的疾病，其修复与再生一直是医学领域的研究热点。传统的治疗方法如手术修复、药物治疗等存在一定的局限性，难以达到理想的修复效果。近年来，随着生物材料和组织工程技术的不断发展，水凝胶微球载物作为一种新型的治疗策略，逐渐受到研究者的关注。水凝胶微球是一种具有优良生物相容性和可降解性的药物载体，能够通过物理或化学方法将药物包裹在微球内部。药物释放机制方面，水凝胶微球通过溶胀、降解等方式实现外泌体的可控释放。这种释放机制能够使外泌体在关节区持续、稳定地发挥作用，提高治疗效果。本文对近年来水凝胶微球载细胞与非细胞(细胞因子、蛋白肽、药物、外泌体和RNA)在关节区软骨应用的研究进展进行了综述，通过梳理和分析相关文献，总结了当前研究的局限性和未来发展方向，为关节软骨损伤的治疗提供了新的思路和方法。

Abstract: Joint cartilage injury is a common disease in clinical practice, and its repair and regeneration have always been a research hotspot in the medical field. Traditional treatment methods such as surgical repair and drug therapy have certain limitations and are difficult to achieve ideal repair results. In recent years, with the continuous development of biomaterials and tissue engineering technology, hydrogel microspheres as a new therapeutic strategy have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Hydrogel microsphere is a kind of drug carrier with excellent biocompatibility and degradability, which can wrap the drug inside the microsphere by physical or chemical methods. In terms of drug release mechanism, hydrogel microspheres achieve controlled release of exosomes through swelling, degradation and other ways. This release mechanism can enable extracellular vesicles to continuously and stably function in the joint area, improving treatment effectiveness. This article reviews the research progress of the application of cellular and non cellular (cytokines, protein peptides, drugs, exosomes and RNA) hydrogel microspheres in articular cartilage in recent years, summarizes the limitations of current research and future development direction by combing and analyzing relevant literature, and provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of articular cartilage injury.