老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者出院准备度及影响因素

Discharge Readiness and Influencing Factors of Elderly Patients with Osteoarthropathy of Knee Joint Complicated with Hypertension

摘要: 目的：本研究调查膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者的出院准备度、衰弱、家庭功能现状，探讨分析膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者的出院准备度的影响因素。方法：本研究采用随机抽样法，选取于2023年9月至2024年10月在吴起县人民医院骨科、疼痛科住院部住院的患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、衰弱评估量表(FARIL量表)、家庭功能评估量表(APGAR)、出院准备度量表(RHDS)收集患者相关资料，采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析，t检验或方差分析老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者在一般资料和疾病相关资料上的差异及影响因素；多重线性回归分析老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者出院准备度的影响因素，以P < 0.05有统计学差异。结果：本研究共纳入162例老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者，其出院准备度低等水平人数最多，有128人，占比79.0%，出院准备度总分为(68.21 ± 11.64)，处于较低水平；老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者衰弱得分情况为(2.64 ± 1.24)分，衰弱人数为88例，占总人数的54.3%，衰弱前期人数为74例，占总人数的45.7%；老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者家庭功能总分得分均值为7.42，处于良好水平；多重线性回归分析结果显示，居住地、疼痛分级、目前治疗方式、家庭功能是老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者出院准备度的影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论：本研究所纳入的老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者出院准备度处于较低水平，家庭功能良好，居住地在农村、膝关节置换、疼痛和家庭功能是老年膝关节骨性关节病合并高血压患者出院准备度的独立影响因素。临床中针对不同的老年膝关节骨性关节病的患者应从居住地、治疗方式、疼痛和家庭功能等各方面健康宣教，以从多角度提高其出院准备度，提高其重返家庭或社区进一步康复的能力。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the status quo of discharge readiness, frailty and family function in patients with knee osteoarthropathy complicated with hypertension, and to explore and analyze the influencing factors of discharge readiness in patients with knee osteoarthropathy complicated with hypertension. Methods: Random sampling method was used to select patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics and Pain in Wuqi County People’s Hospital from September 2023 to October 2024 as the study objects. General data questionnaire, FARIL Scale (FARIL Scale), APGAR Scale (APGAR Scale), and RHDS were used to collect the relevant data of patients, and SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis. t test or variance analysis of elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy combined with hypertension in general and disease-related data differences and influencing factors; Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of discharge readiness in elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy complicated with hypertension, and P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: A total of 162 elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy combined with hypertension were included in this study. The number of patients with low level of discharge readiness was the highest (128, accounting for 79.0%). The total score of discharge readiness was (68.21 ± 11.64), which was at a low level. The asthenic score of the elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy combined with hypertension was (2.64 ± 1.24), the number of asthenic patients was 88, accounting for 54.3% of the total number, and the number of pre-asthenic patients was 74, accounting for 45.7% of the total number. The mean total score of family function in elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy combined with hypertension was 7.42, which was at a good level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that residence, pain grade, current treatment method and family function were the influencing factors of discharge readiness in elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy complicated with hypertension (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy complicated with hypertension included in this study had a low level of hospital discharge readiness; good family function, living in rural areas, knee replacement, pain and family function were independent factors affecting the hospital discharge readiness of elderly patients with knee osteoarthropathy complicated with hypertension. Clinical health education should be given to elderly patients with osteoarthropathy of the knee in various aspects such as residence, treatment, pain and family function, so as to improve their readiness for discharge from multiple angles and improve their ability to return to their families or communities for further rehabilitation.