主体性视角下中小学劳动教育的现实困境与优化路径

The Realistic Dilemma and Optimization Path of Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools from the Perspective of Subjectivity

摘要: 主体性是劳动教育的根本属性。学生的个体自主性、合作交往的主体间性和基于社会责任的公共性在劳动教育中得到培育和完善。在当前中小学劳动教育实践中，劳动教育的目标实施单一化、内容碎片化、课程形式化以及评价片面化，致使中小学劳动教育面临着主体性缺失的困境。为此，学校应在统筹贯彻劳动教育立德树人的本质目标中唤醒主体意识；在完善劳动教育内容一体化进程中形成整体性认识；在创新拓展劳动教育课程模式中提升社会交往能力；在打造多元化的劳动教育评价体系中培养公民责任，从而重新建构学生的主体性，促进主体价值的复归，增强劳动教育的育人实效。

Abstract: Subjectivity is the fundamental attribute of labor education. Students’ individual autonomy, intersubjectivity of cooperative communication, and publicity based on social responsibility are cultivated and improved in labor education. In the current practice of labor education in primary and secondary schools, the goal of labor education is single, the content is fragmented, the curriculum is formalized, and the evaluation is one-sided, which makes labor education in primary and secondary schools face the dilemma of lack of subjectivity. To this end, schools should awaken the subject consciousness in the overall implementation of the essential goal of moral education in labor education, form a holistic understanding in the process of improving the integration of labor education content, improve social communication ability in the innovation and expansion of labor education curriculum model; cultivate civic responsibility in creating a diversified labor education evaluation system, so as to reconstruct the subjectivity of students, promote the return of subject value, and enhance the effectiveness of labor education.