抑制、刷新、转换之间的关系：基于序列并行加工模型假说
The Relationship between Inhibition, Updating, and Shifting: Based on the Hypothesis of Sequential Parallel Processing Model
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2024.1411764, PDF,   
作者: 田民基, 高 鑫, 班吉敏, 韩思宇：西北师范大学心理学院，甘肃 兰州
关键词: 执行功能；抑制；刷新；转换；序列并行；Executive Function； Inhibition； Updating； Shifting； Sequence Parallel
摘要: 执行功能是个体认知能力的核心，决定高级心理功能的实现。并且执行功能训练已被广泛运用到情绪障碍个体的治疗康复、脑损伤个体的认知恢复、中小学儿童的认知能力训练等方面。理解执行功能的内部结构和运作机制对于研究个体认知过程具有重大意义。2000年，Miyake等提出了执行功能的分离联系模型，自此以后关于执行功能的研究均建立在这一模型的基础上。但此模型并不能完全解释执行功能子功能之间的内部结构和运行机制，使得我们难以解释执行功能训练产生迁移效果以及部分执行功能训练改善效果不显著的原因。为此，文章通过对执行功能的子功能(抑制、刷新、转换)在信息相关电位、脑成像研究的基础上进行梳理，对抑制、刷新、转换的关系进行探索，根据认知加工的信息处理理论提出了执行功能的序列并行加工模型假说，补充和完善Miyake的分离联系模型，以便更好地理解执行功能子功能之间的内部关系以及作用机制。未来可以从收集fMRI、执行功能发展的年龄变化、子功能伴随比例的角度去进一步完善这一理论模型。
Abstract: Executive function is the core of individual cognitive ability and determines the realization of advanced mental functions. Executive function training has been widely used in the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with emotional disorders, the cognitive recovery of individuals with brain injuries, and the cognitive training of primary and secondary school children, etc. Comprehending the internal structure and operational mechanism of executive functions holds great significance for researching individual cognitive processes. In 2000, Miyake et al. put forward the dissociated and associated model of executive functions, and since then, studies on executive functions have all been based on this model. However, this model fails to fully elucidate the internal structure and operational mechanisms among the subfunctions of executive functions, making it challenging to explain the reasons for the transfer effects of executive function training and the insignificant improvement in some executive function training. For this reason, this paper, based on the studies of the subfunctions of executive functions (inhibition, updating, and shifting) in information-related potentials and brain imaging, explores the relationships between inhibition, updating, and shifting. According to the information processing theory of cognitive processing, a hypothesis of the sequential parallel processing model of executive functions is proposed to supplement and perfect Miyake’s dissociated and associated model in order to better understand the internal relationships and functional mechanisms among the subfunctions of executive functions. In the future, this theoretical model can be further refined from the perspectives of collecting fMRI, age change in executive function development, and the proportion of subfunctions.
文章引用：田民基, 高鑫, 班吉敏, 韩思宇 (2024). 抑制、刷新、转换之间的关系：基于序列并行加工模型假说. 心理学进展, 14(11), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2024.1411764

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