帕金森疾病及其相关语言及言语障碍研究综述

A Review of Parkinson’s Disease and Its Associated Language and Speech Disorders

摘要: 帕金森症(Parkinson’s Disease, PD)是累及锥体外系统的变性疾病，也称运动障碍性疾病，主要表现为震颤、强直和运动障碍。除了特征性运动障碍外，帕金森症患者还经常伴有语言及言语障碍，这些障碍严重影响了患者的日常生活和社交能力。过往研究大多将语言及言语障碍的概念混为一谈，学科间也对各领域的进展也进行割裂性的研究，从而忽略了语言及言语因素在帕金森症诊断中的作用。本文以帕金森症的神经病理机制为切入点，探讨了帕金森症患者相关语言及言语障碍的具体表征，并表明在疾病发展的不同阶段会出现不同的语言及言语障碍预测指标。之后，本文梳理了该疾病的治疗现状及相应的治疗手段。在此基础上，本文对帕金森症未来研究发展提出展望。

Abstract: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a degenerative disease involving the extrapyramidal system, also known as dyskinesia, which is characterized by tremor, tonus and dyskinesia. In addition to the characteristic movement disorders, patients with Parkinson’s disease often suffer from speech and language disorders, which seriously affect their daily life and social skills. Previous studies have mostly conflated the concepts of language and speech disorders, and interdisciplinary advances in each field have also been studied in a compartmentalized manner, thus the role of language and speech factors in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease has been overlooked. Taking the neuropathological mecha-nisms of Parkinson’s disease as an entry point, this paper explores the specific manifestations of language and speech disorders associated with Parkinson’s patients, and demonstrates that different predictors of language and speech disorders emerge at different stages of disease development. After that, this paper sorted out the current status and means of the treatment. On this basis, this paper puts forward the outlook for the future research development of Parkinson’s disease.