平台经营者违反安全保障义务之侵权责任——以《电子商务法》第38条第2款为中心

Platform Operator’s Tortliability for Breach of Security Obligations—Centering on Article 38, Paragraph 2, of the Electronic Commerce Law

摘要: 我国《电子商务法》第38条第2款规定，电商平台经营者有安全保障义务，不同于一般场所管理人，电子商务平台涉及虚拟网络空间，安保义务具有特殊性。本文首先论述平台经营者地位特殊性和承担更高安全保障义务的合理性。其次以侵权责任为视角，在认定平台经营者违反安全保障义务是否侵权责任基础上讨论责任构成，该责任是过错侵权，采用举证责任倒置的方法，因果关系上采用“若有，则无”的判断方法。再次区分38条1款和第2款，第1款调整的是帮助侵权，第2款调整的是分别侵权。最后认定“相应责任”形态为按份责任并阐述其合理性。

Abstract: Paragraph 2 of Article 38 of China’s E-Commerce Law stipulates that e-commerce platform operators have security obligations, and unlike general premises managers, e-commerce platforms are involved in virtual cyberspace, and the security obligations are of a special nature. This paper firstly discusses the special status of platform operators and the reasonableness of assuming higher security obligations. Secondly, from the perspective of tort liability, the platform operator violates the obligation of safety and security is discussed on the basis of the liability composition, the liability is fault infringement, using the method of reversing the burden of proof, causality using the “if there is, then there is no” judgment method. Again, a distinction is made between Article 38, Paragraphs 1 and 2, with Paragraph 1 regulating the tort of contribution and Paragraph 2 regulating the tort of separation. Finally, the form of “corresponding responsibility” is recognized and justified as contributory responsibility.