乌鲁木齐机场一次大雾天气过程成因分析

Analysis of the Causes of a Heavy Fog Weather Process at Urumqi Airport

摘要: 利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、机场微波辐射计资料，分析2023年12月31日至2024年1月1日乌鲁木齐国际机场一次大雾天气背景、湿度、温度、层结条件等。结果表明：此次机场的大雾天气发生在高空转为西北气流控制，中低层东南风建立且加强，保持干暖气团，地面位于冷高压底后部，为冷湿气团控制。环流形势趋于稳定且具有上暖下冷、上干下湿的层结条件，为机场大雾的形成提供了有利的背景条件。从微波辐射计和国家区域站数据可以看出，此次大雾具有范围大，厚度厚的特点，覆盖北疆盆地大部，且高湿区长时间维持，对大雾入夜后的扩散起到有利作用。此次大雾属于辐射和平流叠加作用的大雾。逆温层的下压、抬升与否对机场大雾的出现和消散有较好的对应关系。

Abstract: Using conventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data, and airport microwave radiometer data, analyze the background, humidity, temperature, and stratification conditions of a heavy fog weather event at Urumqi International Airport from December 31, 2023 to January 1, 2024. The results indicate that the heavy fog weather at the airport this time occurred when the upper atmosphere shifted to northwest airflow control, and southeast winds were established and strengthened in the middle and lower layers, maintaining dry and warm air masses. The ground was located at the rear of the cold and high-pressure bottom, controlled by cold and humid air masses. The circulation pattern is stable in the region and has a layered condition of warm upper and cold lower, dry upper and wet lower, providing favorable background conditions for the formation of airport fog. From the microwave radiometer and national regional station data, it can be seen that this heavy fog has the characteristics of a large range and thick thickness, covering most of the northern Xinjiang Basin, and maintaining high humidity for a long time, which plays a favorable role in the diffusion of heavy fog after nightfall. This heavy fog is caused by the superposition of radiation and advection. The depression and uplift of the inversion layer have a good correlation with the occurrence and dissipation of airport fog.