一种基于多波段遥感影像的土地质量快速评价方法——以枞阳县耕地质量评价为例

A Fast Evaluation Method of Land Quality Based on Multi-Band Remote Sensing Images—Take the Example of Farmland Quality Evaluation in Qiyang County

摘要: 土地是重要的自然资源，开展土地质量分析评价工作具有重要的研究价值和现实意义。传统方法一般采用土壤取样进行定量和定性分析。这种方法虽然分析结果较为准确，但人力物力耗费大、分析周期长，不适用于大范围、快速化的指征分析。本文以枞阳县为例，提出一种基于多波段遥感影像进行耕地质量快速评价的方法。该方法首先建立耕地质量评价指标体系，对各类指标进行建模分析，然后通过多光谱遥感影像解译、对照评价体系，利用GIS技术进行时空数据分析和统计，得出结果并生成质量评价专题图，最后对目标地区的耕地质量做出总体性评价并针对耕地保护与发展提出合理化建议。本文创新点主要有：一是基于多波段遥感影像实现了较大范围内多时相、高精度的土地信息获取；二是通过地学分析建立了土地质量快速评价模型；三是充分利用地理信息技术来进行数据分析挖掘并得出分析结论，指导耕地科学、可持续开发利用。

Abstract: Land is an important natural resource. It is of great research value and practical significance to carry out land quality evaluation and analysis. Traditional methods generally use soil sampling for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Although the results of analysis are accurate, this method is not suitable for large-scale and rapid indication analysis because of its high cost of manpower and material resources as well as long analysis cycle. Taking Zongyang County as an example, this paper proposes a method of rapid evaluation of cultivated land quality based on multi-band remote sensing images. Firstly, this method establishes the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality, carries out modelling and analysis of various indicators. Secondly, through multi-spectral remote sensing image interpretation and comparison evaluation system, spatial and temporal data analysis and deduction using GIS technology, the analysis results are obtained and thematic maps of quality evaluation results generated. Finally, it makes an overall evaluation of cultivated land quality in the target area and aims at the protection and development of cultivated land. Suggestions for rationalization are put forward. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, the acquisition of land information with multi-temporal and high precision in a wide range is realized based on multi-band remote sensing images; secondly, the rapid evaluation model of land quality is established through geographic analysis; thirdly, the data analysis and mining are carried out by making full use of geographic information technology and the analysis conclusions are drawn to guide the scientific and sustainable development and utilization of cultivated land.