硫糖铝防治小鼠放射性口腔黏膜炎的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Prevention of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Mice by Sucralfate

摘要: 目的：探索硫糖铝对小鼠放射性口腔黏膜炎(radiation-induced oral mucositis; RIOM)的治疗效果及其可能机制。材料和方法：建立小鼠RIOM模型，从小鼠辐照完成后至处死小鼠期间，每日使用硫糖铝局部涂抹小鼠舌背，观察溃疡情况，并行组织病理学和WB检测。结果：18 Gy γ射线大剂量一次性照射头颈部后第9天小鼠舌部出现明显的溃疡。与单纯辐照组相比，硫糖铝处理组小鼠舌背溃疡面积较小，舌背黏膜基底层细胞更多，组织内促凋亡蛋白Bax和Caspase-3水平显著降低，抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2水平显著升高。结论：使用硫糖铝治疗能改善RIOM小鼠的舌背黏膜情况，推测可能是通过形成局部屏障、促进细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡、清除自由基等方面作用从而减轻口腔黏膜局部炎症，促进黏膜炎愈合。

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effects of sucralfate on radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in mice and explore its potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A mouse model of RIOM was established. From the completion of irradiation until euthanasia, sucralfate was topically applied to the dorsal tongue of mice daily. Ulcer conditions were observed, and histopathological and Western blot (WB) analyses were performed. Results: On the 9th day after a single high-dose (18 Gy) γ-ray irradiation of the head and neck, significant ulcers appeared on the tongues of mice. Compared to the irradiation-only group, the sucralfate-treated group exhibited smaller ulcer areas on the dorsal tongue, a greater number of basal layer cells in the dorsal tongue mucosa, significantly reduced levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3, and significantly increased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Conclusion: Treatment with sucralfate improved the mucosal condition of the dorsal tongue in RIOM mice. It is hypothesized that sucralfate may alleviate local inflammation and promote mucosal healing through mechanisms such as forming a local barrier, promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and scavenging free radicals.