基于熵权法下的土地资源可持续利用评价——以湖南省益阳市为例

Evaluation of Sustainable Land Use Based on Entropy Weight Method—Taking Yiyang City of Hunan Province as an Example

摘要: “民以食为天，食以土为本”，土地是人类一切活动的基础，而土地资源合理利用与否直接关系到人类社会的粮食及可持续发展问题。本文基于湖南省益阳市2016~2021年面源数据，尝试从资源环境、社会、经济3个维度来制定评估框架体系，选取15个因素作为参评因子，并运用熵权法对益阳市土地可持续利用的情况进行综合评价。结果显示：在资源环境、经济水平以及社会承载力三个维度上，益阳市土地资源可持续利用总体呈现出上升趋势。具体而言，在2016年至2021年间，益阳市的资源环境指标贡献率呈现出波动上升的趋势；社会承载力指标贡献率在2018年达到低谷后，开始稳步回升；而经济水平指标贡献率则始终保持稳定的增长态势。综合来看，益阳市土地资源可持续利用水平逐年提升，至2020年已达到优质可持续利用阶段，显示出较高的土地资源可持续利用水平。最后，基于研究结果提出合理调整产业结构转型、引导农户合理施用农药化肥和提高水土流失治理意识等建议。

Abstract: “Food is the first necessity of people, and food is based on soil.” Land is the foundation of all human activities, and the rational use of land resources is directly related to the food problem and sustainable development of human society. Based on the non-point source data of Yiyang City, Hunan Province from 2016 to 2021, this paper attempts to formulate an evaluation framework system from the three dimensions of resources, environment, society and economy, selects 15 factors as the evaluation factors, and uses the entropy weight method to comprehensively evaluate the sustainable use of land in Yiyang City. The results show that the sustainable utilization of land resources in Yiyang City has an overall upward trend in the three aspects of resource environment, economic level and social carrying capacity. From 2016 to 2021, the contribution rate of resource and environmental indicators in the city fluctuated and increased; the contribution rate of social carrying capacity index reached the lowest value in 2018, and began to rise steadily after this year. The contribution rate of economic level indicators has always maintained a steady rise; the level of sustainable use of land resources in Yiyang City has generally increased year by year, and reached the basic sustainable use stage in 2021, with good results. Finally, according to the research results, some suggestions are put forward, such as rationally adjusting the transformation of industrial structure, guiding farmers to apply pesticides and fertilizers reasonably and improving the awareness of soil erosion control.